每日一詞∣中國貨物貿易 China's foreign trade of goods

海關(guān)總署10月24日發(fā)布數據，今年前三季度，我國貨物貿易進(jìn)出口總值31.11萬(wàn)億元，同比增長(cháng)9.9%。具體來(lái)看，前三季度出口17.67萬(wàn)億元，增長(cháng)13.8%；進(jìn)口13.44萬(wàn)億元，增長(cháng)5.2%。

China's foreign trade of goods jumped 9.9 percent year on year to 31.11 trillion yuan during the first nine months of the year, official data showed Monday. Exports rose 13.8 percent year on year to 17.67 trillion yuan, while imports increased 5.2 percent from a year ago to 13.44 trillion yuan, according to the General Administration of Customs.

2022年8月30日，滇中海關(guān)關(guān)員使用設備對中老鐵路國際貨物列車(chē)出口貨物進(jìn)行查驗。（圖片來(lái)源：新華社）

【知識點(diǎn)】

追溯歷史，我國貨物貿易從零起步，百年間實(shí)現了規模從小到大，競爭力由弱到強的躍升。改革開(kāi)放前，我國經(jīng)濟總體上處于相對封閉狀態(tài)，貨物進(jìn)出口始終在較低水平徘徊。改革開(kāi)放后，我國外貿管理體制改革不斷深化，對外開(kāi)放水平逐步提升，對外貿易迅速發(fā)展，并不斷取得新突破。從2012年的24.4萬(wàn)億元到2021年的39.1萬(wàn)億元，十年間，我國貨物貿易總額持續增加，國際市場(chǎng)份額也從2012年的10.4%提升到去年的13.5%，全球貨物貿易第一大國的地位更加鞏固。

今年前三季度，我國貨物貿易進(jìn)出口總值31.11萬(wàn)億元，同比增長(cháng)9.9%。

從貿易方式看，一般貿易進(jìn)出口實(shí)現兩位數增長(cháng)、比重提升。前三季度，我國一般貿易進(jìn)出口19.92萬(wàn)億元，增長(cháng)13.7%。從貿易伙伴看，東盟繼續保持我國第一大貿易伙伴地位。前三季度，我國與東盟貿易總值為4.7萬(wàn)億元，增長(cháng)15.2%，占我國外貿總值的15.1%。值得一提的是，同期，我國與“一帶一路”沿線(xiàn)國家經(jīng)貿往來(lái)更為密切：合計進(jìn)出口10.04萬(wàn)億元，增長(cháng)20.7%。從外貿主體看，民營(yíng)企業(yè)進(jìn)出口快速增長(cháng)、比重提升。前三季度，民營(yíng)企業(yè)進(jìn)出口15.62萬(wàn)億元，增長(cháng)14.5%，占我國外貿總值的50.2，繼續發(fā)揮外貿“主力軍”作用。數據還顯示，機電產(chǎn)品和勞動(dòng)密集型產(chǎn)品出口均實(shí)現較快增長(cháng)。

【重要講話(huà)】

我們將堅定不移全面深化改革開(kāi)放，堅定不移推動(dòng)高質(zhì)量發(fā)展，以自身發(fā)展為世界創(chuàng )造更多機遇?，F在，中國經(jīng)濟韌性強、潛力足、回旋余地廣，長(cháng)期向好的基本面不會(huì )改變。

We'll be steadfast in deepening reform and opening up across the board, and in pursuing high-quality development. A prosperous China will create many more opportunities for the world. The Chinese economy has great resilience and potential. Its strong fundamentals will not change, and it will remain on the positive trajectory over the long run.

——10月23日，習近平在二十屆中共中央政治局常委同中外記者見(jiàn)面時(shí)強調

中國有14億多人口和4億以上中等收入群體，每年進(jìn)口商品和服務(wù)約2.5萬(wàn)億美元，市場(chǎng)規模巨大。中國將更加注重擴大進(jìn)口，促進(jìn)貿易平衡發(fā)展。中國將增設進(jìn)口貿易促進(jìn)創(chuàng )新示范區，優(yōu)化跨境電商零售進(jìn)口商品清單，推進(jìn)邊民互市貿易進(jìn)口商品落地加工，增加自周邊國家進(jìn)口。

China has a population of over 1.4 billion and a middle-income group of more than 400 million people. Our annual import in goods and services is valued at around US$2.5 trillion. All this offers an enormous market. Going forward, China will lay more emphasis on expanding import, and pursue balanced development of trade. China will open more demonstration zones for creative promotion of import trade, optimize the catalogue of retail imports via cross-border e-commerce, encourage the on-site processing of imported goods from trading between border residents, and increase imports from neighboring countries.   

——2020年11月4日，習近平在第三屆中國國際進(jìn)口博覽會(huì )開(kāi)幕式上的主旨演講

【相關(guān)詞匯】

貿易順差

trade surplus

進(jìn)出口總值

combined import and export value