中央國家機關(guān)首長(cháng)名稱(chēng)翻譯-國務(wù)院所屬各部、委、局的名稱(chēng)-外交事務(wù)常用語(yǔ)
中央國家機關(guān)首長(cháng)名稱(chēng)(Titles of the leaders of Organizations of the Central Authorties)
副委員長(cháng)Vice-Chairman
副主席 Vice-President
副總理 Vice-Premier
國務(wù)委員 State Councilor
國務(wù)院總理 Premier of the State Council
全國人民代表大會(huì )常務(wù)委員會(huì )委員長(cháng) Chairman of the Standing Committee of the National People’s Congress
中國人民政治協(xié)商會(huì )議全國委員會(huì )主席 Chairman of the National Committee of the Chinese People’s Political Consultative Conference
中華人民共和國主席 President of the People’s Republic of China
中央軍事委員會(huì )主席 Chairman of the Central Military Commission
最高人民法院院長(cháng) President of the Supreme People’s Court
最高人民檢察院檢察長(cháng) Chief Procurator of the Supreme People’s Procuratorate
12．中國主要群眾組織名稱(chēng)(Names of Major Mass Organizations of China)
中國奧林匹克委員會(huì ) China Olympic Committee
中國保險學(xué)會(huì ) China Insurance Society
中國當代文字研究會(huì ) Chinese Society for Studying Contemporary Literature
中國福利會(huì ) China Welfare Institute
中國國際交流協(xié)會(huì ) China Association for International Understanding
中國國際貿易促進(jìn)委員會(huì ) China Council for the Promotion of International Trade
中國紅十字協(xié)會(huì ) Red Cross Society of China
中國環(huán)境科學(xué)學(xué)會(huì ) China Society of Environmental Sciences
中國教育工會(huì )China Educational Workers Trade Union
中國金融學(xué)會(huì ) China Monetary Society
中國科學(xué)技術(shù)協(xié)會(huì ) China Association of Science and Technology
中國拉丁美洲友好協(xié)會(huì ) China-Latin America Friendship Association
中國倫理學(xué)會(huì ) China Society of Ethics
中國邏輯學(xué)會(huì ) China Logical Society
中國美術(shù)家協(xié)會(huì ) Union of Chinese Artists
中國農學(xué)會(huì ) China Society of Agronomy
中國人民對外友好協(xié)會(huì ) Chinese People’s Association of Friendship with Foreign countries
中國人民救濟總會(huì ) Chinese People’s Relief Administration
中國人民外交學(xué)會(huì ) Chinese People’s Institute of Foreign Affairs
中國統計學(xué)會(huì ) China Statistical Society
中國外語(yǔ)教學(xué)研究會(huì ) Chinese Foreign Languages Teaching Research Society
中國心理學(xué)會(huì ) China Society of Psychology
中國修辭學(xué)會(huì ) China Society of Rhetoric
中國亞非團結委員會(huì ) China Committee for Afro-Asian Solidarity
中國伊斯蘭教協(xié)會(huì ) Chinese Islamic Association
中國音樂(lè )家協(xié)會(huì ) Union of Chinese Musicians
中國語(yǔ)言學(xué)會(huì ) China Society of Linguistics
中國作家協(xié)會(huì ) Union of Chinese Writers
中華護理學(xué)會(huì ) China Nurses’ Association
中華全國科學(xué)技術(shù)普及協(xié)會(huì ) All-China Association for the Dissemination of Scientific and Technical Knowledge
中華全國民主婦女聯(lián)合會(huì ) All-China Federation of Democratic Women
中華全國民主青年聯(lián)合會(huì ) All-China Federation of Democratic Youth
中華全國體育總會(huì ) All-China Sports Federation
中華全國文學(xué)藝術(shù)界聯(lián)合會(huì ) All-China Federation of Literary and Art Circles
中華全國學(xué)生聯(lián)合會(huì ) All-China Students’ Federation
中華全國總工會(huì ) All-China Federation of Trade Unions
中華醫學(xué)會(huì ) China Medical Association
中尼友好協(xié)會(huì ) China-Nepal Friendship Association
國務(wù)院所屬各部、委、局的名稱(chēng)(Names of the Ministries, Commissions and Bureaus Under the State Council)
兵器工業(yè)部 Ministry of Ordnance Industry
財政部 Ministry of Finance
城鄉建設環(huán)境保護部 Ministry of Urban and Rural Construction and Environmental Protection
地質(zhì)礦產(chǎn)部 Ministry of Geology and Mineral Resources
電子工業(yè)部 Ministry of Electronics Industry
對外經(jīng)濟貿易部 Ministry of Foreign Economic Relations and Trade
對外貿易經(jīng)濟合作部 Ministry of Foreign Trade and Economic Cooperation
紡織工業(yè)部 Ministry of Textile Industry
工商行政管理總局 General Bureau of Industrial and Commercial Administration
公安部 Ministry of Public Security
廣播電影電視部 Ministry of Radio, Film and Television
國防部 Ministry of National Defense
國防科學(xué)技術(shù)工業(yè)委員會(huì ) the Commission of Science, Technology and Industry for National Defense
國家安全部 Ministry of State Security
國家標準總局 State Bureau of Standardization
國家測量制圖局 State Bureau of Surveying and Cartography
國家檔案局 State Archives Bureau
國家地震局 State Bureau of Seismology
國家發(fā)展計劃委員會(huì ) State Development Planning Commission
國家海洋局 State Oceanic Bureau
國家計劃生育委員會(huì ) The State Family Planning Commission
國家計劃委員會(huì ) The State Planning Commission
國家計量總局 State Bureau of Metrology
國家教育委員會(huì ) the State Commission of Education
國家經(jīng)濟體制改革委員會(huì ) the State Commission for Restructuring Economic System
國家經(jīng)濟委員會(huì ) the State Economic Commission
國家科學(xué)技術(shù)委員會(huì ) the State Science and Technology Commission
國家民族事務(wù)委員會(huì ) the State Nationalities Affairs Commission
國家商品檢驗局 State Commodity Inspection Bureau
國家水產(chǎn)總局 State Bureau of Aquatic Products
國家稅務(wù)局 State Taxation Administration
國家體育運動(dòng)委員會(huì ) the State Physical Culture and Sports Commission
國家統計局 State Statistical Bureau
國家物價(jià)局 State Bureau of Commodities Prices
國家物資局 State Bureau of Goods and Materials
國家新聞出版署 State Press and Publications Bureau
國內貿易部 Ministry of Internal Trade
國土資源部 Ministry of Land and Natural Resources
國務(wù)院參事室 Office of Counselors to the State Council
國務(wù)院港澳辦公室 Hong Kong and Macao Affairs Office Under the State Council
國務(wù)院僑務(wù)辦公室 Overseas Chinese Affairs Office Under the State Council
海關(guān)總署 General Administration Industry
航空工業(yè)部 Ministry of Aeronautics Industry
航天工業(yè)部 Ministry of Astronautics Industry
核工業(yè)部 Ministry of Nuclear Industry
華僑事務(wù)委員會(huì ) Overseas Chinese Affairs Commission
化學(xué)工業(yè)部 Ministry of Chemical Industry
機械工業(yè)部 Ministry of Machine-Building Industry
監察部 Ministry of Supervision
建設部 Ministry of Construction
交通部 Ministry of Communications
教育部 Ministry of Education
科學(xué)技術(shù)部 Ministry of Science and Technology
勞動(dòng)和社會(huì )保障部 Ministry of Labour and Social Security
勞動(dòng)人事部 Ministry of Labour and Personnel
林業(yè)部 Ministry of Forestry
旅行游覽總局 General Administration of Travel and Tourism
煤炭工業(yè)部 Ministry of Coal Industry
民政部 Ministry of Civil Affairs
農牧漁業(yè)部 Ministry of Agriculture, Animal husbandry and Fishery
輕工業(yè)部 Ministry of Light Industry
全國供銷(xiāo)合作總社 All China Federation of Supply and Marketing Cooperatives
審計署 Auditing Administration
石油工業(yè)部 Ministry of Petroleum Industry
水利電力部 Ministry of Water Resources and Electric Power
司法部 Ministry of Justice
鐵道部 Ministry of Railways
外國專(zhuān)家局 Bureau of Foreign Experts Administration
外交部 Ministry of Foreign Affairs
外文出版社 Foreign Languages Press
衛生部 Ministry of Public health
文化部 Ministry of Culture
新華社 Xinhua News Agency
信息產(chǎn)業(yè)部 Ministry of Information Technology and Telecom Industries
冶金工業(yè)部 Ministry of Metallurgical Industry
郵電部 Ministry of Posts and Telecommunications
中國國際旅行社 China International Travel Service
中國旅行社 China travel Service
中國民用航空總局 General Administration of Civil Aviation of China
中國人民銀行 the People’s Bank of China
中國文字改革委員· Committee for Reforming the Chinese Written Language
中國中央電視臺 China Central Television Station (CCTV)
中央歷史檔案館 Central Historical Archives
中央氣象局 Central Bureau of Meteorology
中央人民廣播電臺 the Central People’s Broadcasting Station
中央文史研究館 Central Research Institute of Culture and History
宗教事務(wù)局 Bureau of Religious Affairs
省、市、地、縣、區、鄉、鎮、村、居委會(huì )首長(cháng)名稱(chēng)(Titles of the Leaders of Provinces, Municipalities, Cities, Prefectures, Counties, Districts, Townships, Towns, Villages, Neighborhood Committees)
副省長(cháng) vice-governor
副市長(cháng) vice-mayor deputy mayor
XX地區專(zhuān)員 administrative commissioner of X X prefecture
居委會(huì )主任 neighborhood committee chairman (or: director)
區長(cháng) district head (leader)
省長(cháng) governor
市長(cháng) mayor
廳(局)長(cháng) department (bureau) director
縣長(cháng) magistrate (or: county head, leader)
鄉(鎮、村)長(cháng) township (town, village) head
外交事務(wù)常用語(yǔ) (Commonly-Used Expressions for Diplomatic Affairs)
(不)受歡迎的人 persona (non-) grata
備忘錄 memorandum, memo
陛下 His (Her, Your) Majesty
參贊 counselor
常任(駐)代表 permanent representative
大使 ambassador
大使館 embassy
大使級代表 representative of ambassadorial level
代辦 charge d’affaires
代辦處 office of the charge d’affaires
殿下 His (Her, Your) Royal Highness
多邊條約 multilateral treaty
否決權 veto (powre)
副大使 deputy ambassador
副代表 alternate, deputy
副公使 deputy minister
副總領(lǐng)事 deputy consul-general
閣下 His (Her, Your) Excellency
公報 communique
公告(通告) announcement
公使 minister, envoy
公使館 legation
公使銜參贊 counselor with the rank of minister, minister counselor
公約 convention
觀(guān)察員 observer
國書(shū) letter of credence, credentials
交換留學(xué)生協(xié)定 agreement on exchange of students
介紹書(shū) letter of introduction
君子協(xié)定 gentlemen’s agreement
科學(xué)技術(shù)合作協(xié)定 agreement on scientific and technical cooperation
聯(lián)合公司 joint communique
聯(lián)合聲明 joint statement
聯(lián)合宣言 joint declaration
聯(lián)絡(luò )處 liaison office
臨時(shí)代辦 charge d’affaires ad interim
領(lǐng)事 consul
領(lǐng)事館 consulate
陸(海、空)軍武官 military (naval, air force) attache
盟約 covenant
批準書(shū) instruments of ratification
普通照會(huì ) verbal note
全權代表 plenipotentiary
商務(wù)參贊 commercial counselor
聲明 statement
首席代表 chief delegate
雙邊條約 bilateral treaty
隨員 attache
特命全權大使 ambassador extraordinary and plenipotentiary
條約 treaty
通知照會(huì ) circular note
外交慣例 diplomatic practice
外交豁免 diplomatic immunities
外交使團 diplomatic corps
外交使團團長(cháng) doyen (dean) of the diplomatic corps
外交特權 diplomatic privileges
外交途徑 diplomatic channels
外交信使 diplomatic courier
外交郵袋 diplomatic bag (pouch)
委任書(shū)(證書(shū)) letter (certificate) of appointment
文化(商務(wù))專(zhuān)員 cultural (commercial) attache
文化參贊 cultural counselor
文化合作協(xié)定 agreement on cultural cooperation
武官處 military attache’s office
憲章 charter
協(xié)定 agreement
新聞官 press office
宣言 declaration, manifesto
一(二、三)等秘書(shū) first (second, third) secretary
議定書(shū) protocol
召回公文 letter of recall
正式照會(huì ) formal note
仲裁書(shū) arbitration award
仲裁協(xié)定 arbitration agreement
總領(lǐng)事 consul-general
總領(lǐng)事館 consulate-general
節假日名稱(chēng)(Names of Holidays)
元旦 new Year’s Day
國際勞動(dòng)婦女節 International Working Women’s Day
國際勞動(dòng)節 International Labour Day
五一節 May Day
中國青年節 Chinese Youth Day
國際兒童節 International Children’s Day
黨的誕生日 party’s Birthday
建軍節 Army Day
國慶節 National Day
春節 Spring Festival
元宵節(燈節) lantern Festival
清明節 Pure Brightness Day
掃墓節 Graveyard-Sweeping Day
端午節 Dragon-Boat Festival
中秋節 Mid-Autumn (Moon) Festival
教師節 Teachers’ Day
重九(陽(yáng))節 Double-Ninth Festival
登山節 Mountain-Climbing Festival
林肯生日(2月12月) Lincoln’s Birthday (Feb. 12)
情人節(2月14日) St. Valentine’s Day (Feb. 14)
華盛頓生日(2月20) Washington’s Birthday (Feb. 20)
[耶穌]復活節 Easter
母親節(每年五月的第二個(gè)星期口) Mother’s Day
陣亡將士紀念日(5月29日) Memorial Day (May 29)
國旗日(6月14日) Flag Day (June 14)
父親節(每年六月的第三個(gè)星期日) Father’s Day
美國獨立紀念日(7月4日) independence Day (July 4)
祖父母節(9月10日) grandparents’ Day (Sept. 10)
萬(wàn)圣節前夕(10月31日) Halloween (Oct. 31)
萬(wàn)圣節(11月1日) All Saints’ Day (Hallowmas) (Nov. 1)
退伍軍人節(11月11日) Veterans’ Day (Nov. 11)
感恩節(11月23日) Thanksgiving Day (Nov. 23)
圣誕節(12月25日) Christmas (Dec. 25)
除夕 New year’s Eve
中國二十四節氣(The Twenty-Four Solar Term of China)
立春 the Beginning of Spring
雨水 Rain Water
驚蟄 the Waking of Insects
春分 the Spring Equinox
清明 Pure Brightness
谷雨 Grain Rain
立夏 the Beginning of Summer
小滿(mǎn) Grain Full
芒種 Grain in Ear
夏至 the Summer Solstice
小暑 Slight Heat
大暑 great Heat
立秋 the Beginning of Autumn
處暑 the Limit of Heat
白露 White Dew
秋分 the Autumn Equinox
寒露 Cold Dew
霜降 Frost’s Descent
立冬 the Beginning of Winter
小雪 Slight Snow
大雪 Great Snow
冬至 the Winter Solstice
小寒 Slight Cold
大寒 Great Cold
中國文學(xué)名著(zhù)書(shū)名 (Titles of Well-Known Chinese Literary Works)
《阿Q正傳》(魯迅) The True Story of Ah Q
《百合花》(茹志娟) “The Lilies”
《暴風(fēng)驟雨》(周立波) The Hurricane
《茶館》(老舍) Tea house
《長(cháng)生殿》 “Palace of Eternal Youth”
《楚辭》 Poetry of the South
《春秋》 The Spring and Autumn Annals
《大學(xué)》 The Great Learning
《大堰河》(艾青) “Dayanhe”
《道德經(jīng)》 The Classic of the Virtue of the Tao (the Book of Lao Zi, Dao De Jing)
《廢都》(賈平凹) The Faded Capital, The Waste Capital
《封神演義》 The Canonization of The Gods
《漢書(shū)》 History of the Former Han Dynasty
《紅樓夢(mèng)》 A Dream of Red Mansions, Dream of the Red Chamber, Dreams in the Red Chamber, The Secret of the Red Chamber, A Red Chamber Dream, The Story of a Stone, An Old Story
《紅日》(吳強) Red Sun
《紅巖》(羅廣斌) Red Crag
《家》、《春》、《秋》(巴金) Family, Spring, Autumn
《金瓶梅》 Jin Ping Mei, golden Lotus
《鏡花緣》 Flowers in the Mirror
《苦菜花》(馮德英) Bitter Herbs
《狂人日記》(魯迅) “A Madman’s Diary”
《老殘游記》 The Travels of Lao Can
《雷雨》(曹禺) Thunderstorm
《禮記》 The Book of Rites
《李白成》(姚雪垠) Li Zicheng
《聊齋志異》 Strange Stories from a Chinese Studio, Strange Stories from Make-Do Studio, Strange Tales of LiaoZhai, Chinese Ghost and Love Stories, The Chinese Fairy Book, Tales of Genii, The Record of Marvels, Self-Diversion Study, A legendary of Record In Self-Diversion Study
《林海雪原》(曲波) Tacks in the Snowy Forest
《論語(yǔ)》 The Analects of Confucius
《駱駝樣子》(老舍) Camel Xiangzi, Rickshaw Boy
《孟子》 Mencius
《名優(yōu)之死》(田漢) The Death of A Star
《牡丹亭》 The Peony Pavilion
《孽?；ā?/span> A flower in an Ocean of Sin
《女神》(郭沫若) “Goodesses”
《青春之歌》(楊沫) The Song of Youth
《日出》(曹禺) Sunrise
《儒林外史》 The Schoilars, The Informal History of the Literati, A Legend of Confucian Intelligentsia
《三國演義》 Romance of the Three Kingdoms
《上海的早晨》(周而復) Morning in Shanghai
《上海屋檐下》(夏衍) “Under Shanghai Eaves”
《詩(shī)經(jīng)》 The Book of Songs, The Book of Odes, The Book of Poetry
《史記》 Historical Records, Records of the Historian
《書(shū)經(jīng)》(《尚書(shū)》) the Book of History
《水滸傳》 Water Margin, Outlaws of the Marsh, All Men Are Bothers, Rebels In the Marshes, 108 Brothers
《四書(shū)》 The Four Books
《太陽(yáng)照在桑干河上》(丁玲) The Sun Shines over the Sanggan River
《桃花扇》 Peach Blossom Fan
《五經(jīng)》 The Five Classics
《西廂記》 The Western Chamber
《西游記》 Journey to the West, Pilgrimage to the West, Monkey
《艷陽(yáng)天》(浩然) Bright Sunny Skies
《易經(jīng)》(《周易》) The Book of Changes
《戰國策》 Strategies of the Warring States Period
《中庸》 The doctrine of the Mean
《子夜》(茅盾) Midnight
《左傳》(《呂氏春秋》) Autumn and Spring of Mr. Lu
漢譯英經(jīng)濟詞語(yǔ)選
保險業(yè) the insurance industry
保證重點(diǎn)支出 ensure funding for priority areas
貶值 devalue
補償貿易 compensation trade
補發(fā)拖欠的養老金 clear up pension payments in arrears
不動(dòng)產(chǎn) real estate; immovable property
不良貸款 non-performing loan
財產(chǎn)權 property right
財產(chǎn)稅 property tax
財政赤字 financial deficits
層層轉包和違法分包 multi-level contracting and illegal subcontracting
差價(jià) price difference
差價(jià)關(guān)稅 variable import levy
承包商 contractor
承包責任制 contract and responsibility system; system of contracted responsibility
城鄉信用社 credit cooperative in both urban and rural areas
城鎮居民最低生活保障 a minimum standard of living for city residents
城鎮職工醫療保險制度 the system of medical insurance for urban workers
吃回扣 get commission
出口信貸 export credit
初級階段 primary stage
大款 tycoon; moneybags
貸款質(zhì)量 loan quality
貸款質(zhì)量五級分類(lèi)辦法 the five-category assets classification for bank loans
擔保人 guarantor; guarantee
倒爺 profiteer
第二產(chǎn)業(yè) secondary industry
第三產(chǎn)業(yè) tertiary industry
第一產(chǎn)業(yè) primary industry
董事 director; trustee
董事長(cháng) chairman (or president) of the board of directors
董事會(huì ) board of directors; board of trustee
對外開(kāi)放 opening to the outside world; opening up
對外貿易 foreign trade
多種經(jīng)營(yíng) diversified economy
防范和化解金融 take precautions against and reduce financial risks
防洪工程 flood-prevention project
非法外匯交易 illegal foreign exchange transaction
非貿易收匯 foreign exchange earnings through nontrade channels
非銀行金融機構 non-bank financial institutions
費改稅 transform administrative fees into taxes
分紅 draw dividends
分期付款 payment by installments
扶貧 aid-the-poor programme
崗位責任制 system of personal responsibility
跟蹤審計 follow-up auditing
工程監理制度 the monitoring system for projects
公積金 accumulation fund
股份公司 joint-stock company; stock company
股份有限公司 company limited
股票交易所 stock exchange
股票經(jīng)紀人 stockbroker
股票市場(chǎng) stock market
關(guān)貿總協(xié)定 General Agreement on Tariff and Trade (GATT)
官倒 official-speculator
國庫券 State treasury bond; treasure bill
國有資產(chǎn)安全 the safety of state-owned assets
國債 national debt
過(guò)渡開(kāi)墾 excess reclamation
合同管理制度 the contract system for governing projects
回扣 sales commission
機電產(chǎn)品 electromechanical products
積極的財政政策 pro-active fiscal policy
基本生活費 basic allowances
集體所有制 collective ownership
結售匯制度 the system of exchange settlement and sales
解除勞動(dòng)關(guān)系 sever labor relations
金融監管責任制 the responsibility system for financial supervision
經(jīng)濟安全 economic security
經(jīng)濟技術(shù)開(kāi)發(fā)區 economic and technological development zone
經(jīng)濟實(shí)體 economic entity
經(jīng)濟特區 special economic zone
經(jīng)濟體制 economic structure
就業(yè) obtain employment; take up an occupation
靠擴大財政赤字搞建設 to increase the deficit to spend more on development
控股公司 holding company
擴大國內需求 the expansion of domestic demand
拉動(dòng)經(jīng)濟增長(cháng) fuel economic growth
撈外快 make an extra money
糧食倉庫 grain depot
糧食收儲企業(yè) grain collection and storage enterprise
糧食收購資金實(shí)行封閉運行 closed operation of grain purchase funds
糧食銷(xiāo)售市場(chǎng) grain sales market
劣質(zhì)工程 shoddy engineering
亂收費、亂攤派、亂罰款 arbitrary charges, find-raising, quotas and fines
歐元 Eurodollar
疲軟 fatigued and weak; weaken; slump
騙匯、逃匯、套匯obtain foreign currency under false pretense, not turn over foreign
currency owed to the government and illegal arbitrage
平均主義 equalitarianism
期匯 forward exchange
期貨合同 forward contract
期貨價(jià)格 forward price
企業(yè)集團 enterprise group
企業(yè)家 entrepreneur
人才流動(dòng) flow (or mobility) of trained personal
人才外流 brain drain
融資渠道 financing channels
軟通貨 soft currency
商品房 commercial housing
商品經(jīng)濟 commodity economy
商業(yè)信貸原則 the principles for commercial credit
社會(huì )保險機構 social security institution
失業(yè)保險金 unemployment insurance benefits
通貨緊縮 (of money) deflation
偷稅、騙稅、逃稅、抗稅 tax evasion, tax fraud and refusal to pay taxes
外匯收支 foreign exchange revenue and spending
信托公司 trust company
信用證 letter of credit
易貨貿易 barter
翻譯學(xué)常用術(shù)語(yǔ)
表達 express
詞序調整法 inversion
達(通順) expressiveness
動(dòng)態(tài)對等 dynamic equivalence
對等 equivalence
翻譯 translate
翻譯標準 translation criteria
翻譯的原則 principles of translation
翻譯腔 translationese
翻譯學(xué) translatology, translation studies
風(fēng)格 style
歸化 target language-oriented, domestication
減詞 omission
交際法 the study of communicative approach
可讀性 readability
可譯性 translatability
跨文化交際 cross-cultural communication
理解 understanding
社會(huì )符號學(xué) sociosemiotics
神似 close in spirit
文藝學(xué) the study of literature