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外科學(xué)詞匯
外科 | surgery |
生物心理社會(huì )模式 | biopsychosocial model |
術(shù)前評估 | preoperative evaluation |
超聲診斷 | ultrasonography |
血管鏡 | angioscopy |
腹腔鏡外科 | laparoscopic surgery |
微創(chuàng )外科 | minimally invasive surgery(MIS) |
膽道鏡 | choledochoscopy |
腹腔鏡 | laparoscopy |
后穹隆鏡 | culdoscopy |
腹腔鏡膽囊切除術(shù) | laparoscopic cholecystectomy, LC |
消化內鏡 | gastrointestinal endoscopy |
止血夾 | haemoclip |
內鏡下逆行胰膽管造影 | endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography, ERCP |
經(jīng)導管動(dòng)脈內藥物灌注術(shù) | transcatheter intraarterial infusion, TII |
經(jīng)導管動(dòng)脈栓塞術(shù) | transcatheter arterial embolization, TAE |
無(wú)菌原則 | aseptic procedures |
無(wú)菌術(shù) | aseptic technique |
無(wú)菌法 | asepsis |
抗菌法 | antisepsis |
等滲性缺水 | isotonic dehydration |
低滲性缺水 | hypotonic dehydration |
高滲性缺水 | hypertonic dehydration |
水中毒 | water intoxication |
低鉀血癥 | hypokalemia |
高鉀血癥 | hyperkalemia |
低鈣血癥 | hypocalcemia |
高鈣血癥 | hypercalcemia |
鎂缺乏 | magnesium deficiency |
鎂過(guò)多 | magnesium excess |
低磷血癥 | hypophosphatemia |
高磷血癥 | hyperphosphatemia |
代謝性酸中毒 | metabolic acidosis |
代謝性堿中毒 | metabolic alkalosis |
呼吸性酸中毒 | respiratory acidosis |
呼吸性堿中毒 | respiratory alkalosis |
輸血 | blood transfusion |
大量輸血 | massive transfusion |
紅細胞生成素 | erythropoietin,EPO |
溶血性輸血反應 | hemolytic transfusion reactions |
自體輸血 | autologous blood transfusion |
回收式自體輸血 | salvaged autotransfusion |
預存式自體輸血 | predeposited autotransfusion |
稀釋式自體輸血 | hemodiluted autotransfusion |
血液成分 | blood components |
新鮮冰凍血漿 | fresh frozen plasma,FFP |
血液代用品 | blood substitute |
休克 | shock |
失血性休克 | hemorrhagic shock |
創(chuàng )傷性休克 | traumatic shock |
膿毒性休克 | septic shock |
腸外營(yíng)養 | total parenteral nutrition ,TPN |
腸內營(yíng)養 | total enteral nutrition ,TEN |
基礎能量消耗 | basal energy expenditure ,BEE |
要素飲食 | elemental diet |
多器官功能衰竭 | multiple organ failure ,MOF |
急性腎衰竭 | acute renal failure ,ARF |
少尿 | oliguria |
無(wú)尿 | anuria |
血液凈化 | hemopurification |
血液透析 | hemodialysis |
腹膜透析 | peritoneal dialysis |
應激性潰瘍 | stress ulcer |
腦水腫 | cerebral edema |
急性肝衰竭 | acute hepatic failure |
誤吸 | aspiration |
窒息 | apnea |
吸入性肺炎 | aspiration pneumonitis |
意識 | consciousness |
喚醒 | arousal |
覺(jué)醒 | awareness |
藥物治療 | pharmacological therapy |
外傷性癲癇 | post-traumatic epilepsy |
急救復蘇 | aid and resuscitation |
心肺復蘇 | cardiopulmonary resuscitation ,CPR |
心肺腦復蘇 | cardiopulmonary cerebral resuscitation ,CPCR |
基本生命支持(初期復蘇) | basic life support ,BLS |
后期復蘇 | advanced life support ,ALS |
復蘇后治療 | post-resuscitation treatment ,PRT |
腦保護 | brain protection |
腦復蘇 | brain resocitation |
腦死亡 | brain death |
植物狀態(tài) | vegetative state |
植物人 | persistent vegetative state (PVS) |
疼痛治療 | pain management |
神經(jīng)源性疼痛 | neuropathic pain |
心理性疼痛 | psychogenic pain |
中樞性疼痛 | central pain |
末梢性疼痛 | peripheral pain |
單次劑量 | demand dose |
面肌痙攣 | facial spasm |
三叉神經(jīng)痛 | trigeminal neuralgia |
舌咽神經(jīng)痛 | glossopharyngeal neuralgia |
低氧血癥 | hypoxemia |
惡性高熱 | malignant hyperthermia |
低血壓 | hypotension |
高血壓 | hypertension |
心律失常 | arrhythmia |
心跳驟停 | cardiac arrest |
心室纖顫 | ventricular fibrillation |
抽搐 | twitching |
驚厥 | convulsions |
重癥監測治療病室 | intensive care unit ,ICU |
恢復體位 | recovery position |
中心靜脈壓 | central venous pressure ,CVP |
扭傷 | sprain |
挫傷 | contusion |
軟組織刺傷 | pricking wound |
異物 | foreign body |
淺部切割傷 | incised wound |
敷料更換(換藥術(shù)) | change of dressing |
癤 | furuncle |
癰 | carbuncle |
急性蜂窩織炎 | acute cellulitis |
新生兒皮下壞疽 | subcutaneous gangrene of newborn |
急性淋巴管炎 | acute lymphangitis |
丹毒 | erysipelas |
膿腫 | abscess |
甲溝炎 | paronychia |
膿性指頭炎 | felon |
瘺管 | fistula cannulas |
竇道 | sinus tract |
皮樣囊腫 | dermoid cyst |
皮脂腺囊腫 | sebaceous cyst |
表皮樣囊腫 | epidermoid cyst |
腱鞘囊腫 | tendinous cyst |
外科感染 | surgical infection |
膿毒癥 | sepsis |
膿毒綜合征 | sepsis syndrome |
菌血癥 | bacteremia |
真菌感染 | fungal infection |
機會(huì )感染(條件感染) | opportunistic infection |
破傷風(fēng) | tetanus |
氣性壞疽 | gas gangrene |
人類(lèi)免疫缺陷病毒 | human immunodeficiency virus,HIV |
創(chuàng )傷 | trauma |
清創(chuàng )術(shù) | debridement |
止血 | hemostasis |
包扎 | bandaging |
固定 | fixation |
搬運與后送 | transport and evacuation |
火器傷 | firearm wound |
沖擊傷 | blast injury |
核武器傷 | nuclear weapon injury |
燒傷 | burns |
燙傷 | scalding |
創(chuàng )面修復 | wound repair |
瘢痕 | scar |
攣縮 | contraction |
Ⅰ度燒傷 | first degree burns |
Ⅱ度燒傷 | second degree burns |
淺Ⅱ度燒傷 | Superficial second degree burns |
焦痂 | eschar |
輕度燒傷 | mild degree burns |
中度燒傷 | moderate degree burns |
重度燒傷 | severe degree burns |
特重燒傷 | major burns |
吸入性損傷 | inhalation injury |
冷療 | cold therapy |
暴露 | exposure |
焦痂切開(kāi)減張術(shù) | escharotomy |
游離皮片移植 | free skin grafting |
皮瓣 | flap |
電燒傷 | electrical burns |
截肢 | amputation |
冷傷 | cold injury |
凍結性冷傷 | frost cold injury |
顯微外科 | microsurgery |
斷指(肢)再植術(shù) | replantation of finger(limb) |
端端吻合 | end-to-end anastomosis |
端側吻合 | end-to-side anastomosis |
神經(jīng)外膜縫合 | suture of epineurium |
整形外科 | plastic and reconstructive surgery |
唇腭裂 | cleft lip and palate |
顱縫早閉癥 | craniosynostosis |
面神經(jīng)癱瘓 | facial paralysis |
小耳畸形 | microtia |
無(wú)耳畸形 | atresia |
多指 | polydactyly |
乳房增大 | mammary hypertrophy |
尿道下裂 | hypospadias |
陰道閉鎖 | obliteration of vagina |
器官移植 | organ transplantation |
移植物 | graft |
供者 | donor |
受者 | recipient |
排斥反應 | rejection |
免疫抑制劑 | immunosuppressants |
器官切取 | organ procurement |
器官保存 | organ preservation |
腎移植 | renal transplantation |
心臟移植 | cardiac transplantation |
腫瘤 | tumor |
遺傳易感性 | hereditary susceptibility |
癌 | carcinoma |
肉瘤 | sarcoma |
遠處轉移 | metastasis |
化學(xué)療法 | chemotherapy |
放射療法 | radiotherapy |
原癌基因 | proto-oncogene |
抑癌基因 | anti-oncogene |
腫瘤特異性抗原 | tumor-specific antigen,TSA |
腫瘤相關(guān)抗原 | tumor-associated antigen,TAA |
癌胚抗原 | carcinoembryonic antigen, CEA |
皮膚乳頭狀瘤 | skin papilloma |
老年性色素疣 | senile pigmental wart |
皮膚癌 | skin carcinoma |
基底細胞癌 | basal cell carcinoma |
鱗狀細胞癌 | squamous cell carcinoma |
黑痣 | pigment nevus |
黑色素瘤 | melanoma |
脂肪瘤 | lipoma |
纖維瘤 | fibroma |
帶狀纖維瘤 | desmoid fibroma |
神經(jīng)纖維瘤 | neurofibroma |
神經(jīng)鞘瘤 | schwannoma |
血管瘤 | hemangioma |
顱內壓增高 | intracranial hypertension |
顱內壓 | intracranial pressure, ICP |
腦脊液 | cerebrospinal fluid, CSF |
計算機輔助斷層掃描 | computed tomography, CT |
磁共振成像 | magnetic resonance imaging, MRI |
數字減影血管造影 | digital subtraction angiography, DSA |
腦疝 | brain herniation |
小腦幕切跡疝 | transtentorial herniation |
枕骨大孔疝 | transforamen magna herniation |
顱腦損傷 | craniocerebral injury |
對沖傷 | contrecoup injury |
格拉斯哥昏迷計分 | Glasgow coma scale |
皮下血腫 | subcutaneous hematoma |
帽狀腱膜下血腫 | subgaleal hematoma |
頭皮裂傷 | scalp laceration |
頭皮撕脫傷 | scalp avulsion |
顱骨骨折 | skull fracture |
線(xiàn)形骨折 | linear fracture |
凹陷骨折 | depressed fracture |
顱底骨折 | skull base fracture |
腦震蕩 | cerebral concussion |
腦挫裂傷 | cerebral contusion |
腦彌漫性軸索損傷 | diffuse axonal injury (DAI) |
硬腦膜外血腫 | epidural hematoma |
硬腦膜下血腫 | subdural hematoma |
腦內血腫 | intracerebral hematoma |
腦脊液鼻漏 | cerebrospinal fluid rhinorrhea |
耳漏 | otorrhea |
星形細胞腫瘤 | astrocytic tumors |
成膠質(zhì)細胞瘤 | gliobastoma |
室管膜瘤 | ependymoma |
聽(tīng)神經(jīng)瘤 | acoustic neuroma |
腦膜瘤 | meningioma |
生殖細胞瘤 | germ cell tumors |
垂體腺瘤 | pituitary adenoma |
顱咽管瘤 | craniopharyngioma |
脊索瘤 | chordoma |
腦轉移瘤 | metastasis tumor of brain |
蛛網(wǎng)膜下腔出血 | subarachnoid hemorrhage, SAH |
顱內動(dòng)脈瘤 | intracranial aneurysm |
震顫麻痹 | shaking palsy |
癲癇 | epilepsy |
外科 | surgery |
生物心理社會(huì )模式 | biopsychosocial model |
術(shù)前評估 | preoperative evaluation |
超聲診斷 | ultrasonography |
血管鏡 | angioscopy |
腹腔鏡外科 | laparoscopic surgery |
微創(chuàng )外科 | minimally invasive surgery(MIS) |
膽道鏡 | choledochoscopy |
腹腔鏡 | laparoscopy |
后穹隆鏡 | culdoscopy |
腹腔鏡膽囊切除術(shù) | laparoscopic cholecystectomy, LC |
消化內鏡 | gastrointestinal endoscopy |
止血夾 | haemoclip |
內鏡下逆行胰膽管造影 | endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography, ERCP |
經(jīng)導管動(dòng)脈內藥物灌注術(shù) | transcatheter intraarterial infusion, TII |
經(jīng)導管動(dòng)脈栓塞術(shù) | transcatheter arterial embolization, TAE |
無(wú)菌原則 | aseptic procedures |
無(wú)菌術(shù) | aseptic technique |
無(wú)菌法 | asepsis |
抗菌法 | antisepsis |
等滲性缺水 | isotonic dehydration |
低滲性缺水 | hypotonic dehydration |
高滲性缺水 | hypertonic dehydration |
水中毒 | water intoxication |
低鉀血癥 | hypokalemia |
高鉀血癥 | hyperkalemia |
低鈣血癥 | hypocalcemia |
高鈣血癥 | hypercalcemia |
鎂缺乏 | magnesium deficiency |
鎂過(guò)多 | magnesium excess |
低磷血癥 | hypophosphatemia |
高磷血癥 | hyperphosphatemia |
代謝性酸中毒 | metabolic acidosis |
代謝性堿中毒 | metabolic alkalosis |
呼吸性酸中毒 | respiratory acidosis |
呼吸性堿中毒 | respiratory alkalosis |
輸血 | blood transfusion |
大量輸血 | massive transfusion |
紅細胞生成素 | erythropoietin,EPO |
溶血性輸血反應 | hemolytic transfusion reactions |
自體輸血 | autologous blood transfusion |
回收式自體輸血 | salvaged autotransfusion |
預存式自體輸血 | predeposited autotransfusion |
稀釋式自體輸血 | hemodiluted autotransfusion |
血液成分 | blood components |
新鮮冰凍血漿 | fresh frozen plasma,FFP |
血液代用品 | blood substitute |
休克 | shock |
失血性休克 | hemorrhagic shock |
創(chuàng )傷性休克 | traumatic shock |
膿毒性休克 | septic shock |
腸外營(yíng)養 | total parenteral nutrition ,TPN |
腸內營(yíng)養 | total enteral nutrition ,TEN |
基礎能量消耗 | basal energy expenditure ,BEE |
要素飲食 | elemental diet |
多器官功能衰竭 | multiple organ failure ,MOF |
急性腎衰竭 | acute renal failure ,ARF |
少尿 | oliguria |
無(wú)尿 | anuria |
血液凈化 | hemopurification |
血液透析 | hemodialysis |
腹膜透析 | peritoneal dialysis |
應激性潰瘍 | stress ulcer |
腦水腫 | cerebral edema |
急性肝衰竭 | acute hepatic failure |
誤吸 | aspiration |
窒息 | apnea |
吸入性肺炎 | aspiration pneumonitis |
意識 | consciousness |
喚醒 | arousal |
覺(jué)醒 | awareness |
藥物治療 | pharmacological therapy |
外傷性癲癇 | post-traumatic epilepsy |
急救復蘇 | aid and resuscitation |
心肺復蘇 | cardiopulmonary resuscitation ,CPR |
心肺腦復蘇 | cardiopulmonary cerebral resuscitation ,CPCR |
基本生命支持(初期復蘇) | basic life support ,BLS |
后期復蘇 | advanced life support ,ALS |
復蘇后治療 | post-resuscitation treatment ,PRT |
腦保護 | brain protection |
腦復蘇 | brain resocitation |
腦死亡 | brain death |
植物狀態(tài) | vegetative state |
植物人 | persistent vegetative state (PVS) |
疼痛治療 | pain management |
神經(jīng)源性疼痛 | neuropathic pain |
心理性疼痛 | psychogenic pain |
中樞性疼痛 | central pain |
末梢性疼痛 | peripheral pain |
單次劑量 | demand dose |
面肌痙攣 | facial spasm |
三叉神經(jīng)痛 | trigeminal neuralgia |
舌咽神經(jīng)痛 | glossopharyngeal neuralgia |
低氧血癥 | hypoxemia |
惡性高熱 | malignant hyperthermia |
低血壓 | hypotension |
高血壓 | hypertension |
心律失常 | arrhythmia |
心跳驟停 | cardiac arrest |
心室纖顫 | ventricular fibrillation |
抽搐 | twitching |
驚厥 | convulsions |
重癥監測治療病室 | intensive care unit ,ICU |
恢復體位 | recovery position |
中心靜脈壓 | central venous pressure ,CVP |
扭傷 | sprain |
挫傷 | contusion |
軟組織刺傷 | pricking wound |
異物 | foreign body |
淺部切割傷 | incised wound |
敷料更換(換藥術(shù)) | change of dressing |
癤 | furuncle |
癰 | carbuncle |
急性蜂窩織炎 | acute cellulitis |
新生兒皮下壞疽 | subcutaneous gangrene of newborn |
急性淋巴管炎 | acute lymphangitis |
丹毒 | erysipelas |
膿腫 | abscess |
甲溝炎 | paronychia |
膿性指頭炎 | felon |
瘺管 | fistula cannulas |
竇道 | sinus tract |
皮樣囊腫 | dermoid cyst |
皮脂腺囊腫 | sebaceous cyst |
表皮樣囊腫 | epidermoid cyst |
腱鞘囊腫 | tendinous cyst |
外科感染 | surgical infection |
膿毒癥 | sepsis |
膿毒綜合征 | sepsis syndrome |
菌血癥 | bacteremia |
真菌感染 | fungal infection |
機會(huì )感染(條件感染) | opportunistic infection |
破傷風(fēng) | tetanus |
氣性壞疽 | gas gangrene |
人類(lèi)免疫缺陷病毒 | human immunodeficiency virus ,HIV |
創(chuàng )傷 | trauma |
清創(chuàng )術(shù) | debridement |
止血 | hemostasis |
包扎 | bandaging |
固定 | fixation |
搬運與后送 | transport and evacuation |
火器傷 | firearm wound |
沖擊傷 | blast injury |
核武器傷 | nuclear weapon injury |
燒傷 | burns |
燙傷 | scalding |
創(chuàng )面修復 | wound repair |
瘢痕 | scar |
攣縮 | contraction |
Ⅰ度燒傷 | first degree burns |
Ⅱ度燒傷 | second degree burns |
淺Ⅱ度燒傷 | Superficial second degree burns |
焦痂 | eschar |
輕度燒傷 | mild degree burns |
中度燒傷 | moderate degree burns |
重度燒傷 | severe degree burns |
特重燒傷 | major burns |
吸入性損傷 | inhalation injury |
冷療 | cold therapy |
暴露 | exposure |
焦痂切開(kāi)減張術(shù) | escharotomy |
游離皮片移植 | free skin grafting |
皮瓣 | flap |
電燒傷 | electrical burns |
截肢 | amputation |
冷傷 | cold injury |
凍結性冷傷 | frost cold injury |
顯微外科 | microsurgery |
斷指(肢)再植術(shù) | replantation of finger(limb) |
端端吻合 | end-to-end anastomosis |
端側吻合 | end-to-side anastomosis |
神經(jīng)外膜縫合 | suture of epineurium |
整形外科 | plastic and reconstructive surgery |
唇腭裂 | cleft lip and palate |
顱縫早閉癥 | craniosynostosis |
面神經(jīng)癱瘓 | facial paralysis |
小耳畸形 | microtia |
無(wú)耳畸形 | atresia |
多指 | polydactyly |
乳房增大 | mammary hypertrophy |
尿道下裂 | hypospadias |
陰道閉鎖 | obliteration of vagina |
器官移植 | organ transplantation |
移植物 | graft |
供者 | donor |
受者 | recipient |
排斥反應 | rejection |
免疫抑制劑 | immunosuppressants |
器官切取 | organ procurement |
器官保存 | organ preservation |
腎移植 | renal transplantation |
心臟移植 | cardiac transplantation |
腫瘤 | tumor |
遺傳易感性 | hereditary susceptibility |
癌 | carcinoma |
肉瘤 | sarcoma |
遠處轉移 | metastasis |
化學(xué)療法 | chemotherapy |
放射療法 | radiotherapy |
原癌基因 | proto-oncogene |
抑癌基因 | anti-oncogene |
腫瘤特異性抗原 | tumor-specific antigen,TSA |
腫瘤相關(guān)抗原 | tumor-associated antigen,TAA |
癌胚抗原 | carcinoembryonic antigen, CEA |
皮膚乳頭狀瘤 | skin papilloma |
老年性色素疣 | senile pigmental wart |
皮膚癌 | skin carcinoma |
基底細胞癌 | basal cell carcinoma |
鱗狀細胞癌 | squamous cell carcinoma |
黑痣 | pigment nevus |
黑色素瘤 | melanoma |
脂肪瘤 | lipoma |
纖維瘤 | fibroma |
帶狀纖維瘤 | desmoid fibroma |
神經(jīng)纖維瘤 | neurofibroma |
神經(jīng)鞘瘤 | schwannoma |
血管瘤 | hemangioma |
顱內壓增高 | intracranial hypertension |
顱內壓 | intracranial pressure, ICP |
腦脊液 | cerebrospinal fluid, CSF |
計算機輔助斷層掃描 | computed tomography, CT |
磁共振成像 | magnetic resonance imaging, MRI |
數字減影血管造影 | digital subtraction angiography, DSA |
腦疝 | brain herniation |
小腦幕切跡疝 | transtentorial herniation |
枕骨大孔疝 | transforamen magna herniation |
顱腦損傷 | craniocerebral injury |
對沖傷 | contrecoup injury |
格拉斯哥昏迷計分 | Glasgow coma scale |
皮下血腫 | subcutaneous hematoma |
帽狀腱膜下血腫 | subgaleal hematoma |
頭皮裂傷 | scalp laceration |
頭皮撕脫傷 | scalp avulsion |
顱骨骨折 | skull fracture |
線(xiàn)形骨折 | linear fracture |
凹陷骨折 | depressed fracture |
顱底骨折 | skull base fracture |
腦震蕩 | cerebral concussion |
腦挫裂傷 | cerebral contusion |
腦彌漫性軸索損傷 | diffuse axonal injury (DAI) |
硬腦膜外血腫 | epidural hematoma |
硬腦膜下血腫 | subdural hematoma |
腦內血腫 | intracerebral hematoma |
腦脊液鼻漏 | cerebrospinal fluid rhinorrhea |
耳漏 | otorrhea |
星形細胞腫瘤 | astrocytic tumors |
成膠質(zhì)細胞瘤 | gliobastoma |
室管膜瘤 | ependymoma |
聽(tīng)神經(jīng)瘤 | acoustic neuroma |
腦膜瘤 | meningioma |
生殖細胞瘤 | germ cell tumors |
垂體腺瘤 | pituitary adenoma |
顱咽管瘤 | craniopharyngioma |
脊索瘤 | chordoma |
腦轉移瘤 | metastasis tumor of brain |
蛛網(wǎng)膜下腔出血 | subarachnoid hemorrhage, SAH |
顱內動(dòng)脈瘤 | intracranial aneurysm |
震顫麻痹 | shaking palsy |
癲癇 | epilepsy |
單純性甲狀腺腫 | simple goiter |
結節性甲狀腺腫 | nodular goiter |
甲狀腺功能亢進(jìn) | hyperthyroidism |
高功能腺瘤 | hyperfunctioning thyroid adenoma |
甲狀旁腺功能減退 | hypoparathyroidism |
甲狀腺危象 | thyroid crisis |
甲狀腺腺瘤 | thyroid adenoma |
單純性甲狀腺腫 | simple goiter |
結節性甲狀腺腫 | nodular goiter |
甲狀腺功能亢進(jìn) | hyperthyroidism |
高功能腺瘤 | hyperfunctioning thyroid adenoma |
甲狀旁腺功能減退 | hypoparathyroidism |
甲狀腺危象 | thyroid crisis |
甲狀腺腺瘤 | thyroid adenoma |
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