2020年5月新聞熱詞匯總

5月，長(cháng)征五號B運載火箭首次飛行任務(wù)取得圓滿(mǎn)成功；2020珠峰高程測量登山隊成功登頂珠穆朗瑪峰；全國各類(lèi)學(xué)校陸續開(kāi)始復課；低風(fēng)險地區中小學(xué)生在校不用戴口罩；歐洲各國開(kāi)始逐步解除疫情防控封鎖政策；全國兩會(huì )勝利召開(kāi)。

長(cháng)征五號B運載火箭 Long March-5B carrier rocket

5月5日，長(cháng)征五號B運載火箭首次飛行任務(wù)取得圓滿(mǎn)成功，拉開(kāi)了我國空間站在軌建造階段飛行任務(wù)的序幕。

The China Manned Space Agency said the flight of the carrier rocket Long March-5B successfully verified the overall design and technologies of the new rocket and also marked the beginning of the third stage in China's manned space program, which aims to put a manned space station into orbit.
中國載人航天工程辦公室表示，長(cháng)征五號B運載火箭首飛成功，驗證了新型火箭的總體設計和技術(shù)，同時(shí)也標志著(zhù)我國載人航天工程第三階段——空間站在軌建造——拉開(kāi)序幕。

【知識點(diǎn)】

1992年，黨中央作出實(shí)施載人航天工程“三步走”發(fā)展戰略（three-step manned space program）：

第一步，發(fā)射載人飛船（manned spaceship），建成初步配套的試驗性載人飛船工程，開(kāi)展空間應用實(shí)驗。2013年神舟5號載人飛船任務(wù)順利完成。

第二步，突破航天員出艙活動(dòng)技術(shù)（extra-vehicular activity）、空間飛行器的交會(huì )對接技術(shù)（rendezvous and docking），發(fā)射空間實(shí)驗室（space lab），解決有一定規模的、短期有人照料的空間應用問(wèn)題。

2017年4月20日19時(shí)41分，天舟一號貨運飛船（cargo spacecraft Tianzhou-1）成功發(fā)射。此次任務(wù)是中國載人航天工程空間實(shí)驗室階段（space laboratory stage of China manned space engineering）的收官之戰，標志著(zhù)中國載人航天工程勝利完成“三步走”戰略中的“第二步”任務(wù)，為空間站建設任務(wù)奠定堅實(shí)技術(shù)基礎。

第三步，建造空間站，解決有較大規模的、長(cháng)期有人照料的空間應用問(wèn)題（operate a permanent manned space station）。

按計劃，我國空間站將于2022年前后完成建造，一共規劃12次飛行任務(wù)。

After the maiden flight of the Long March-5B, the core module of the space station, named Tianhe, and two experiment capsules, named Wentian and Mengtian, will be sent into space.
此次任務(wù)后，將先后發(fā)射天和核心艙、問(wèn)天實(shí)驗艙和夢(mèng)天實(shí)驗艙。

During the construction of the space station, China plans to launch four Shenzhou manned spaceships and four Tianzhou cargo spacecraft to transport astronauts and supplement materials
其間，規劃發(fā)射4艘神舟載人飛船和4艘天舟貨運飛船，進(jìn)行航天員乘組輪換和貨物補給。

The assembly of the station's core module has been completed, and the two experiment capsules and the scientific payloads are under development.
目前，我國空間站核心艙已完成正樣產(chǎn)品總裝，問(wèn)天實(shí)驗艙和夢(mèng)天實(shí)驗艙正在開(kāi)展初樣研制，空間科學(xué)應用載荷已陸續轉入正樣研制。

The crewmembers to participate in the construction of the space station have been selected and are trained for the missions. China's third batch of reserve astronauts will be selected around July.
執行空間站建造階段飛行任務(wù)的航天員乘組已經(jīng)選定，正在開(kāi)展任務(wù)訓練。我國第三批預備航天員選拔工作也將于今年7月完成。

珠峰高程測量 measure the height of Mount Qomolangma

5月6日，2020珠峰高程測量登山隊出發(fā)儀式在珠峰登山大本營(yíng)舉行。

A team of over 30 Chinese surveyors Wednesday left a base camp at Mount Qomolangma for a higher spot on their journey to the peak, as they endeavour to accomplish a mission to remeasure the height of the world's highest mountain.
30多名測量隊員5月6日從珠峰大本營(yíng)向更高海拔出發(fā)，開(kāi)啟珠峰高程登頂測量。珠穆朗瑪峰是世界最高峰。

The team, consisting of professional climbers and surveyors from the Ministry of Natural Resources (MNR), will seize the current weather window and attempt for the summit at the optimal time.
此次測量登山隊由專(zhuān)業(yè)登山運動(dòng)員和自然資源部的測繪人員構成。隊員們力爭抓住近日的好天氣窗口，擇日登頂測量。

珠峰高程測量（measure the height of Mount Qomolangma）的核心是精確測定珠峰高度，這同時(shí)也是一項代表國家測繪科技發(fā)展水平的綜合性測繪工程。

此次珠峰高程測量的成果可用于地球動(dòng)力學(xué)板塊運動(dòng)（geodynamics）等領(lǐng)域研究。精確的峰頂雪深、氣象和風(fēng)速等數據（accurate data on snow depth, meteorology and wind speed at the summit ），將為冰川監測（glacier monitoring）、生態(tài)環(huán)境保護（environmental protection）等方面的研究提供第一手資料。

本次珠峰高程測量工作重點(diǎn)在以下五方面實(shí)現技術(shù)創(chuàng )新和突破：

一是依托北斗衛星導航系統（the BeiDou Navigation Satellite System），開(kāi)展測量工作；

二是國產(chǎn)測繪儀器裝備（homegrown surveying equipment）全面擔綱本次測量任務(wù)；

三是應用航空重力技術(shù)（airborne gravimeter），提升測量精度；

四是利用實(shí)景三維技術(shù)（3D Interactive Virtual Reality），直觀(guān)展示珠峰自然資源狀況；

五是測繪隊員登頂觀(guān)測（take the measurement at the peak of the mountain），獲取可靠測量數據。

Members of a Chinese surveying team reached Mt. Qomolangma summit at 11 am Wednesday.
5月27日上午11時(shí)整， 2020珠峰高程測量登山隊成功登上珠穆朗瑪峰峰頂。

500米以上建筑 buildings taller than 500 meters

住建部和國家發(fā)改委聯(lián)合下發(fā)通知，要求嚴格限制各地盲目規劃建設超高層“摩天樓”。

No buildings taller than 500 meters will be allowed unless their plans are approved by the two central government bodies following strict examinations, said the document.
通知指出，一般不得新建500米以上建筑，各地因特殊情況確需建設的，應進(jìn)行嚴格審查后上報住建部和發(fā)改委復核。

Provincial housing and urban-rural development departments are authorized to approve construction of buildings over 250 meters in height, though plans for such buildings need to be registered at the ministry.
新建250米以上建筑由省級住房和城鄉建設部門(mén)進(jìn)行建筑方案審查，并報住房和城鄉建設部備案。

Management will be intensified for construction of big public facilities, including stadiums, museums, exhibition halls and theaters, to prevent imitation in architecture designs.
各地要對體育場(chǎng)館、展覽館、博物館、大劇院等超大體量公共建筑進(jìn)行嚴格管理，嚴禁建筑模仿、山寨行為。

同時(shí)，各地應加強自然生態(tài)、歷史人文、景觀(guān)敏感等重點(diǎn)地段城市與建筑風(fēng)貌管理，健全法規制度，加強歷史文化遺存（historical and cultural remains）、景觀(guān)風(fēng)貌保護，嚴格管控新建建筑，不拆除歷史建筑（historical architecture）、不拆傳統民居（traditional dwellings）、不破壞地形地貌、不砍老樹(shù)。

免戴口罩政策 mask-free policy

國家衛健委、教育部日前制定《中小學(xué)校新冠肺炎疫情防控技術(shù)方案(修訂版)》(以下簡(jiǎn)稱(chēng)《方案》)。

Primary and secondary school students no longer need to wear masks on campuses in areas with a low risk of COVID-19, according to the protocols.
《方案》明確，低風(fēng)險地區校園內學(xué)生不需佩戴口罩。

Teachers of such schools are also allowed to go mask-free when giving class, while it is not recommended for infants and kids to wear masks in nurseries and kindergartens.
老師授課時(shí)不需戴口罩，同時(shí)，幼托機構幼童不建議戴口罩。

Janitors, sanitation workers and canteen workers are required to wear masks.
校門(mén)值守人員、清潔人員及食堂工作人員等應當佩戴口罩。

在控制校內人員密度方面《方案》要求：

Schools, where conditions allow, should ensure that students are seated at least one meter apart from each other.
有條件的學(xué)校，應保證每名學(xué)生前后左右間距保持1米。

The protocols advised that large classes be divided up into smaller ones, or that students of large classes go to school at staggered hours.
對學(xué)生人數較多的班級可分班教學(xué)或錯時(shí)上學(xué)。

Dormitories of boarding schools should not be located in the basement, the protocols read, adding that there should be no more than six students allocated to each dorm room.
寄宿學(xué)校的宿舍不應位于地下室，同時(shí)，每間宿舍入住的學(xué)生不得超過(guò)6名。

出現疑似感染癥狀應急處置方面，《方案》要求：

Staff and students should report their health conditions and whereabouts in the last 14 days to the school before returning to campus. Also, schools are required to urge people with symptoms, including fever, fatigue, dry cough or diarrhea, to seek medical help.
教職工及學(xué)生返校前應報告健康狀況及過(guò)去14天的活動(dòng)軌跡，同時(shí)要求有發(fā)熱、乏力、干咳或腹瀉等癥狀的人員就醫排查。

戶(hù)外120分鐘 two-hour outdoor activities

As schools nationwide have gradually reopened following the stabilization of the domestic novel coronavirus pneumonia epidemic, the National Health Commission has urged schools to ensure sufficient outdoor activities for students.
隨著(zhù)國內新冠肺炎疫情穩定，全國各地的學(xué)校陸續復課，國家衛健委敦促學(xué)校確保學(xué)生有充足的戶(hù)外活動(dòng)時(shí)間。

國家衛健委疾控局監察專(zhuān)員王斌指出，

Schools should guarantee at least two hours of outdoor activities a day for pupils. For students who have been diagnosed as nearsighted, the outdoor hours can be extended.
學(xué)校應每天保證兩小時(shí)以上的孩子戶(hù)外活動(dòng)時(shí)間。對于已經(jīng)近視的孩子來(lái)說(shuō)，應該更長(cháng)時(shí)間進(jìn)行戶(hù)外活動(dòng)。

It is important to urge children to go outside during recess while making sure that sports activities are rolled out at staggered hours.
學(xué)校應確保學(xué)生在大課間能在戶(hù)外活動(dòng)，同時(shí)也要確保錯時(shí)、錯峰開(kāi)展體育活動(dòng)。

【單詞講解】

近視的醫學(xué)專(zhuān)業(yè)術(shù)語(yǔ)是myopia，但是日常生活中人們通常用nearsightedness / shortsightedness來(lái)表示，比如：Tom is nearsighted/shortsighted because he used to play games in darkness whole night long.（湯姆近視是因為他過(guò)去經(jīng)常晚上在黑暗中玩一整晚游戲。）

其他相關(guān)的表達還有：遠視（hyperopia farsightedness/ longsightedness）、散光（astigmatism ）、隱形眼鏡（contact lenses）、無(wú)框眼鏡（rimless glasses）、眼科醫生（eye doctor/ophthalmologist ）等。

經(jīng)過(guò)這次漫長(cháng)、特殊的假期，孩子們居家時(shí)間多，視力水平估計會(huì )受到一些影響。因此，王斌表示，復課后具備條件的學(xué)校，提倡對孩子的視力監測和屈光篩查做一些工作。

When organizing mass eyesight screening programs on campus, Wang said outdoor spaces or spacious, well-ventilated facilities are preferred. It is also important to disinfect testing equipment regularly, wear face masks and maintain social distancing during checks.
如果學(xué)校要組織集體視力篩查，學(xué)校應該盡可能選擇在露天場(chǎng)所或者相對比較空曠的體育館、通風(fēng)條件良好的場(chǎng)所進(jìn)行篩查。檢查設備要盡可能做到一個(gè)孩子一次消毒，學(xué)生在檢查過(guò)程中要戴好口罩，保持安全距離。

此外，對于防藍光設備可預防近視的社會(huì )關(guān)注，北京同仁醫院副院長(cháng)、眼科主任魏文斌指出，藍光分為長(cháng)波藍光和短波藍光，只有短波藍光（shortwave blue light）才會(huì )影響眼睛健康，但這需要長(cháng)時(shí)間、高強度、不間斷照射（long-time, intensive and continuous exposure），質(zhì)檢合格的電子產(chǎn)品已經(jīng)過(guò)濾有害的短波藍光，所以在日常生活中，使用正規廠(chǎng)家生產(chǎn)的電子產(chǎn)品，沒(méi)有必要加裝防藍光設備。

解封 easing of lockdown

The World Health Organization said on Monday that a slow, steady easing of lockdown measures will be key in stimulating economies while keeping a vigilant eye on the novel coronavirus.The organization had received reports of more than 4 million cases of COVID-19 across the world by Monday.
世界衛生組織5月11日表示，緩慢穩步解除封鎖措施將是促進(jìn)經(jīng)濟恢復并對新冠病毒保持警惕的關(guān)鍵。當日，世界衛生組織接到的新冠肺炎病例報告已超過(guò)400萬(wàn)例。

【單詞講解】

Vigilant指“警惕的，警覺(jué)的”意思。比如：He warned the public to be vigilant and report anything suspicious.（他警告公眾要提高警惕，遇到任何可疑情況都要報告。）常用的搭配有：stay vigilant、keep a vigilant eye on something等。

世衛組織總干事譚德賽（Tedros Adhanom Ghebreyesus）表示：

Many countries have used the lockdown time to ramp up their ability to test, trace, isolate, and care for patients, which is the best way to track the virus, slow the spread, and take pressure off the health systems.
許多國家利用采取封鎖措施的時(shí)間來(lái)提高檢測、追蹤、隔離和醫治病人的能力，這是追蹤病毒、減緩傳播和減輕衛生系統壓力的最佳方式。

The good news is that there has been a great deal of success in slowing the virus and ultimately saving lives. Strong lockdown measures have come at a cost, with serious social and economic impact and a detrimental effect on many people's lives.
好消息是，我們在減慢病毒傳播速度和最終挽救生命方面取得了巨大成功。采取這些嚴厲措施是需要付出代價(jià)的。封鎖措施造成嚴重的社會(huì )經(jīng)濟影響，波及無(wú)數人的生計。

To protect lives and livelihoods, a slow, steady lifting of lockdowns is key to both stimulating economies, while also keeping a vigilant eye on the virus, so that control measures can be quickly implemented if an upswing in cases is identified.
為了保護生命和生計，緩慢而逐步解除封鎖是刺激經(jīng)濟、同時(shí)保持對病毒高度警惕的關(guān)鍵，以便在發(fā)現病例回升時(shí)迅速采取控制措施。

上周末，世衛組織就放松封鎖措施發(fā)布了進(jìn)一步指導意見(jiàn)，概述了在解除封鎖之前各國應先回答的三個(gè)關(guān)鍵問(wèn)題：

Whether the epidemic is under control,
疫情是否得到控制？

Whether their healthcare system is able to cope with a resurgence of cases that may arise after relaxing certain measures,
醫療衛生系統是否能夠應對在放松某些措施后可能出現的病例反彈現象？

Whether their public health surveillance system is able to detect and manage cases and their contacts, and identify a resurgence of cases.
公共衛生監測系統是否能夠發(fā)現和管控病例及其接觸者，并能夠識別病例反彈現象？

同時(shí)，世衛組織還發(fā)布了關(guān)于學(xué)校和工作場(chǎng)所重新開(kāi)放的新的指導意見(jiàn)，指出在兒童重返校園的問(wèn)題上，決策者應該考慮以下一些關(guān)鍵因素：

Having a clear understanding about current COVID-19 transmission and severity of the virus in children,
對新冠病毒在兒童之間的傳播狀況和兒童感染病毒的嚴重程度有清晰認識，

Considering the epidemiology of COVID-19 where the school is geographically located,
考慮學(xué)校周邊新冠疫情是否嚴重，

Having the ability to maintain COVID-19 prevention and control measures within the school setting.
學(xué)校有能力預防和管控疫情。

復課 class resumption

5月12日上午，教育部召開(kāi)新聞發(fā)布會(huì )，介紹教育系統開(kāi)學(xué)復課、校園疫情防控情況。

More than 100 million students have resumed classes in Chinese schools as of Monday, accounting for 39 percent of all the students nationwide, from kindergartens to universities, the Ministry of Education said.
教育部表示，截至5月11日，已返校復課的學(xué)生總數為10779.2萬(wàn)，超過(guò)1個(gè)億，占學(xué)生總數的39%。

In most of China's provincial-level regions, universities, secondary vocational schools, middle schools and primary schools are resuming classes, according to the ministry.
在全國多數省級以上地區，高校、中等職業(yè)學(xué)校、中學(xué)以及小學(xué)均開(kāi)始復課。

【單詞講解】

隨著(zhù)新冠肺炎國內疫情緩解，各地都開(kāi)始進(jìn)入復工復產(chǎn)復學(xué)階段，而resume這個(gè)詞恰恰就表示“（中斷后）重新開(kāi)始，繼續；恢復（席位，地位或職位）”等意思，其名詞形式為resumption比如：resume production/production resumption（復產(chǎn)）、resume class/class resumption（復課）、resume normal life/resumption of normal life（恢復正常生活）等。當然了，做過(guò)英文簡(jiǎn)歷的同學(xué)大概都知道resume這個(gè)詞作為名詞的時(shí)候還表示“個(gè)人簡(jiǎn)歷”，這一層意思來(lái)自于法語(yǔ)詞résumé（簡(jiǎn)要總結）。

教育部應對新冠肺炎疫情工作領(lǐng)導小組辦公室主任、 體育衛生與藝術(shù)教育司司長(cháng)王登峰介紹，

Strict epidemic control measures will stay following class resumption in schools, our goal is to facilitate students' return to schools to the utmost while epidemic control rules are well implemented.
學(xué)校復課后嚴格的疫情防控措施將會(huì )持續，我們的目標是在落實(shí)疫情防控規定的同時(shí)為學(xué)生返校提供最大的便利。

對下一步校園疫情防控，王登峰介紹，

We will classify every single person accurately－for example, those who have returned from overseas, people released from hospitals, asymptomatic cases and those from areas with high risks of infection－to make sure that everyone entering the campuses is healthy.
對海外回國人員、治愈出院人員、無(wú)癥狀感染者和高風(fēng)險地區人員要做到精準分類(lèi)，確保開(kāi)學(xué)以后進(jìn)入校園的每一個(gè)人都是健康的。

We now have very specific regulations over social distancing among students and teachers and are endeavoring to set up a mechanism to supervise their health conditions and to trace their attendance.
我們對學(xué)生以及老師之間的社交距離有非常具體的規定，還將建立健康狀況監測以及出勤跟蹤制度。

視頻連線(xiàn) video link

國務(wù)院總理李克強5月13日主持召開(kāi)國務(wù)院常務(wù)會(huì )議，部署做好今年全國兩會(huì )期間各部門(mén)聽(tīng)取全國人大代表和政協(xié)委員意見(jiàn)建議工作。

Given the need for continued COVID-19 containment, the meeting called for adopting new ways for taking in views and suggestions of national legislators and political advisors, including via video-link, phone calls and the internet. These views and suggestions would help the government to learn more about the situation on the ground, especially the hopes of market players and the general public.
考慮到目前仍處于疫情常態(tài)化防控的特殊情況，會(huì )議提出要創(chuàng )新聽(tīng)取代表和委員意見(jiàn)建議的方式，通過(guò)視頻、電話(huà)、網(wǎng)絡(luò )等了解代表和委員反映的實(shí)情，尤其是市場(chǎng)主體和人民群眾的期盼。

根據全國兩會(huì )有關(guān)安排，會(huì )議確定，

Officials of government departments concerned will attend through video link the break-out sessions of NPC deputies to deliberate on the government work report. The departments are required to study carefully and provide feedback to the views and suggestions within their respective purview.
統一安排有關(guān)部門(mén)通過(guò)視頻連線(xiàn)，旁聽(tīng)全國人大代表審議政府工作報告的各個(gè)小組會(huì )議直播，全程聽(tīng)取意見(jiàn)建議。對涉及本部門(mén)職責的，各部門(mén)要認真研究并作出答復。

The meeting directed each government department to set up a special task force headed by its leading official and a hot-line for national legislators and political advisors operated by designated staff members. Content of these calls should be duly taken down and the subject matters addressed and responded to before the two sessions close.
各部門(mén)均要成立由部門(mén)負責同志牽頭的兩會(huì )工作專(zhuān)班，設置代表和委員熱線(xiàn)電話(huà)，安排專(zhuān)人值守接聽(tīng)。對代表和委員來(lái)電認真記錄，在大會(huì )閉幕前予以說(shuō)明和答復。

The State Council General Office is required to comb through the minutes of the meetings of national legislators and political advisors and carefully study all the views and suggestions concerning the government work. Where actions are called for, the General Office should swiftly bring the relevant issues to the attention of the competent departments, and see to it that replies are made.
國務(wù)院辦公廳要收集和梳理全國人大、全國政協(xié)會(huì )議簡(jiǎn)報中涉及政府工作的事項，認真研究代表和委員提出的意見(jiàn)建議，對需要辦理的要及時(shí)轉交相關(guān)部門(mén)辦理，并督促做好反饋答復。

高校畢業(yè)生直招士官 recruiting university graduates for non-commissioned officer roles

國防部征兵辦公室表示，2020年從普通高校畢業(yè)生中直接招收士官工作全面展開(kāi)。

China's military is recruiting university graduates for non-commissioned officer roles for the first time, according to the recruiting office of the Ministry of National Defense. Online applications will open at the agency's official website www.gfbzb.gov.cn on Friday for those who wish to be enlisted into the armed forces.
國防部征兵辦公室今年將首次面向全國普通高校畢業(yè)生直接招收士官，全國征兵網(wǎng)（http://www.gfbzb.gov.cn）將于5月15日開(kāi)通直招士官網(wǎng)上報名窗口。

據了解，士官招收專(zhuān)業(yè)涉及計算機、道路運輸（road transport）、自動(dòng)化（automation）、通信（communications）、機電設備（electromechanical equipment）、機械設計制造（mechanical design and manufacturing）、醫學(xué)技術(shù)（medical technology）、語(yǔ)言（language studies）等專(zhuān)業(yè)。招收對象為普通高校畢業(yè)生（college graduates），所學(xué)專(zhuān)業(yè)符合今年部隊提報的崗位需求，優(yōu)先招收高校應屆畢業(yè)生（fresh college graduates）。

國防部征兵辦公室表示，

The non-commissioned officers will be recruited simultaneously with the recruitment of compulsory service personnel this year. This will be running from Aug 1 to Sept 30.
今年直招士官工作將與下半年義務(wù)兵征集同步展開(kāi)，8月1日開(kāi)始，9月30日結束。

【知識點(diǎn)：士官和義務(wù)兵有何區別】

我軍現役士兵按兵役性質(zhì)分為義務(wù)兵役制士兵和志愿兵役制士兵。義務(wù)兵役制士兵稱(chēng)為義務(wù)兵（compulsory serviceman），志愿兵役制士兵稱(chēng)為士官（non-commissioned officer）。士官屬于士兵軍銜序列，但不同于義務(wù)兵役制士兵，是士兵中的骨干。義務(wù)兵實(shí)行供給制，發(fā)給津貼（allowance），士官實(shí)行工資制（pay plans）和定期增資制度（regular pay rise）。目前部隊面向高校畢業(yè)生既招收士官，也招收義務(wù)兵，這是兩個(gè)不同兵役性質(zhì)的士兵系列。（來(lái)源：全國征兵網(wǎng)）

心形紀念幣 heart-shaped commemorative coins

中國人民銀行定于5月20日發(fā)行2020吉祥文化金銀紀念幣一套。

The set includes six coins: two gold, three silver and one gold-silver bimetallic, all legal tender, the People's Bank of China said on its website.
據中國人民銀行網(wǎng)站介紹，該套紀念幣共6枚，其中金質(zhì)紀念幣2枚，銀質(zhì)紀念幣3枚，金銀雙金屬紀念幣1枚，均為中華人民共和國法定貨幣。

Chinese characters Jixiang, meaning auspiciousness, dominates the obverse of the coins, while the reverse sides are decorated with traditional patterns such as cranes, lilies and goldfish, all symbols of auspiciousness and fortune.
該套紀念幣正面圖案均為“吉祥”文字造型，背面有鶴、百合、金魚(yú)等代表吉祥富貴的傳統裝飾圖案。

值得注意的是，6枚紀念幣中有心形紀念幣（heart-shaped commemorative coins）兩枚，3克心形金質(zhì)紀念幣背面圖案為新娘、百合、窗欞等組合圖案，并刊“百年好合”字樣及面額；30克心形銀質(zhì)紀念幣背面圖案為百合與同心鎖等組合圖案，并刊“百年好合”字樣及面額。

平均工資 average salary

日前，國家統計局發(fā)布2019年城鎮非私營(yíng)單位、城鎮私營(yíng)單位和規模以上企業(yè)分崗位就業(yè)人員年平均工資情況。

In non-private sectors, urban employees' inflation-adjusted real growth of the average salary rose by 6.8 percent to 90,501 yuan, according to data from the National Bureau of Statistics.
國家統計局的數據顯示，全國城鎮非私營(yíng)單位就業(yè)人員年平均工資為90501元，根據通脹調整后比上年實(shí)際增長(cháng)6.8%。

In private sectors, the annual average salary stood at 53,604 yuan, up 5.2 percent year on year after deducting price factors.
城鎮私營(yíng)單位就業(yè)人員年平均工資為53604元，扣除價(jià)格因素后比上年實(shí)際增長(cháng)5.2%。

國家統計局人口和就業(yè)統計司副司長(cháng)孟燦文說(shuō)，2019年，我國經(jīng)濟運行總體平穩、穩中有進(jìn)（achieve stability with steady progress），就業(yè)形勢保持穩定（stable employment situation），全國城鎮單位就業(yè)人員平均工資穩步增長(cháng)。

哪些行業(yè)工資高？

在非私營(yíng)單位中，共有6個(gè)行業(yè)年平均收入超過(guò)10萬(wàn)元，包括信息傳輸、軟件和信息技術(shù)服務(wù)業(yè)（information transmission, software and information technology service），金融業(yè)（finance），科學(xué)研究和技術(shù)服務(wù)業(yè)（scientific research and technology service），衛生和社會(huì )工作（health and social work），電力、熱力、燃氣及水生產(chǎn)供應業(yè)（power, heat, gas and water supply），文化、體育和娛樂(lè )業(yè)（culture, sport and recreation sector）。

哪些行業(yè)工資增長(cháng)快？

Employees engaging in scientific research, higher education and information sectors saw steady rises in their average wage, while workers related to public services and consumption upgrade witnessed faster salary raises.
科學(xué)研究、高等教育以及信息行業(yè)的就業(yè)人員平均工資穩步上漲，與公共服務(wù)和消費升級相關(guān)的行業(yè)平均工資較快增長(cháng)。

量化指標 quantitative targets

國務(wù)院5月19日對外公布2019年《政府工作報告》量化指標任務(wù)落實(shí)情況表，38項指標任務(wù)均已完成。

國內生產(chǎn)總值 GDP

The 2019 government work report set a target of 6 to 6.5 percent of gross domestic product (GDP) growth from the previous year.
2019年《政府工作報告》提出國內生產(chǎn)總值增長(cháng)6%-6.5%的目標。

Last year, China's GDP reached 99.09 trillion yuan (about 13.98 trillion U.S. dollars), up 6.1 percent from the previous year, in line with the annual target.
去年國內生產(chǎn)總值達990865億元，比上年增長(cháng)6.1%，符合年度預期目標。

就業(yè) employment

The report aimed to create more than 11 million urban jobs in 2019 and keep the registered urban unemployment rate within 4.5 percent.
報告提出，2019年城鎮新增就業(yè)1100萬(wàn)人以上，城鎮登記失業(yè)率4.5%以?xún)取?/span>

Both targets were met, as about 13.52 million urban jobs were created last year and the registered urban unemployment rate stood at 3.62 percent.
去年全國城鎮新增就業(yè)1352萬(wàn)人，城鎮登記失業(yè)率為3.62%，完成年度目標。

減稅降費 tax cut and fee reduction

The report proposed axing businesses' burden in taxes and social security payment by nearly 2 trillion yuan in 2019. It also aimed to bring the tax rate down to 13 percent from 16 percent in sectors such as manufacturing.
報告提出，2019年減輕企業(yè)稅收和社保繳費負擔近2萬(wàn)億元，制造業(yè)等行業(yè)現行16%的稅率降至13%。

Last year's tax cut and fee reduction exceeded 2.3 trillion yuan, and the 16-percent tax rate in industries such as manufacturing went down to 13 percent.
去年全年減稅降費超過(guò)2.3萬(wàn)億元，制造業(yè)等行業(yè)現行16%的稅率降至13%。

民生 people's livelihood

The report aimed to lift more than 10 million rural people out of poverty, build and renovate 200,000 kilometers of rural roads, and cut the average charge for mobile network traffic by more than 20 percent.
報告明確，2019年減少農村貧困人口1000萬(wàn)以上、新建改建農村公路20萬(wàn)公里、移動(dòng)網(wǎng)絡(luò )流量平均資費再降低20%以上。

In 2019, China lifted 11.09 million rural people out of poverty, built and renovated 290,000 kilometers of rural roads, and cut the average charge for mobile network traffic by 41 percent from the previous year.
去年全國農村貧困人口減少1109萬(wàn)人、新建改建農村公路29萬(wàn)公里、移動(dòng)網(wǎng)絡(luò )流量平均資費較上年降低41%。

環(huán)保 environmental protection

The report set targets that emissions of sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxides will drop by 3 percent, while chemical oxygen demand and ammonia nitrogen emissions will shrink by 2 percent in 2019.
報告明確，2019年二氧化硫、氮氧化物排放量下降3%，化學(xué)需氧量、氨氮排放量下降2%。

It turned out that the emissions of sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxides went down by 4.4 percent and 3.5 percent respectively, while chemical oxygen demand and ammonia nitrogen emissions shrank by 3.2 percent and 3.3 percent respectively last year from the previous year.
去年全國二氧化硫、氮氧化物排放量分別下降4.4%和3.5%，化學(xué)需氧量、氨氮排放量分別下降3.2%和3.3%。

38項指標任務(wù)還包括中央財政一般性支出（the general expenditure of the central government）壓減5%以上、“三公”經(jīng)費（ spending on official overseas visits, official vehicles, and official hospitality）再壓減3%左右等，這些任務(wù)均已完成。

行李全流程跟蹤 whole-journey luggage tracking

近日，民航局宣布民航行李全流程跟蹤系統試點(diǎn)航線(xiàn)試點(diǎn)成功。

China has started a pilot project for whole-journey luggage tracking systems at six major airports, according to the Civil Aviation Administration of China (CAAC). These airports include Beijing Capital International Airport, Beijing Daxing International Airport, and Shanghai Hongqiao, Guangzhou Baiyun, Shenzhen Bao'an and Chongqing Jiangbei airports.
民航局表示，我國已經(jīng)在六家大型機場(chǎng)啟動(dòng)行李全流程跟蹤系統試點(diǎn)。這六家機場(chǎng)包括北京首都國際機場(chǎng)，北京大興國際機場(chǎng)，上海虹橋、廣州白云、深圳寶安以及重慶江北機場(chǎng)。

【單詞講解】

在機場(chǎng)提取行李的時(shí)候，我們經(jīng)常會(huì )看到baggage claim或者luggage claim這樣的標識牌，由此可見(jiàn)這兩個(gè)詞在表示“行李”的時(shí)候是可以互相替換使用的，只不過(guò)baggage這個(gè)詞在美式英語(yǔ)中更加常用。此外，baggage這個(gè)詞還可以用來(lái)表示無(wú)形的“精神包袱”，比如，emotional baggage（情緒負擔）、personal baggage（個(gè)人負擔）等，而luggage則沒(méi)有這一層意思。

目前，旅客可以通過(guò)上述試點(diǎn)機場(chǎng)官方APP、微信小程序、航顯屏和自助查詢(xún)機等多種途徑，對進(jìn)出港行李進(jìn)行全程追蹤（whole-journey tracking）。旅客只要通過(guò)輸入行李牌號碼、身份證號或掃描行李條碼等方式，便可查詢(xún)到托運（check-in）、安檢（security check）、分揀（sorting）、裝車(chē)運輸（truck loading）、裝機（aircraft loading）、到達（luggage arrival）等多個(gè)行李節點(diǎn)，實(shí)時(shí)掌握行李軌跡（realtime tracking）。

民航局于2020年1月在上海組織召開(kāi)了民航行李全流程跟蹤系統試點(diǎn)工作啟動(dòng)會(huì )，明確了“連點(diǎn)成線(xiàn)、連線(xiàn)成網(wǎng)、逐步實(shí)現”的項目實(shí)施思路和方案。

According to a three-step plan, by the end of 2021, the CAAC will push forward the application of whole-journey luggage tracking on all domestic air routes in mega airports with an annual passenger throughput of at least 10 million. By the end of 2025, the service will be applied on all domestic air routes, and extend to some international routes, according to the plan.
根據“三步走”戰略，2021年年底全國千萬(wàn)級機場(chǎng)間國內航線(xiàn)將實(shí)現行李全流程跟蹤，2025年年底將實(shí)現國內航線(xiàn)全覆蓋和國際航線(xiàn)有突破。

As of mid-May, three air routes and six major airports across the country were capable of providing services for passengers to track luggage during their whole journey, said the CAAC.
民航局介紹，截至5月中旬，全國已有三條航線(xiàn)、六家機場(chǎng)（即“三線(xiàn)六點(diǎn)”）能夠為旅客提供行李全流程追蹤服務(wù)。

關(guān)于建立健全香港特別行政區維護國家安全的法律制度和執行機制的決定（草案） a draft decision on establishing and improving the legal system and enforcement mechanisms for the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region (HKSAR) to safeguard national security

十三屆全國人大三次會(huì )議5月21日晚舉行新聞發(fā)布會(huì )，大會(huì )發(fā)言人張業(yè)遂就會(huì )議議程和人大有關(guān)工作回答了中外記者提問(wèn)。

According to an agenda unveiled Thursday, a bill on reviewing a draft decision on establishing and improving the legal system and enforcement mechanisms for the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region (HKSAR) to safeguard national security will be submitted for deliberation to the third session of the 13th National People's Congress (NPC), which will open on Friday.
根據會(huì )議議程，本次大會(huì )將審議《全國人民代表大會(huì )關(guān)于建立健全香港特別行政區維護國家安全的法律制度和執行機制的決定（草案）》。

十三屆全國人大三次會(huì )議大會(huì )發(fā)言人張業(yè)遂在新聞發(fā)布會(huì )上說(shuō)，

National security is the bedrock underpinning the stability of the country.
國家安全是安邦定國的重要基石。

Safeguarding national security serves the fundamental interests of all Chinese including Hong Kong compatriots.
維護國家安全是包括香港同胞在內的全國各族人民的根本利益所在。

The fourth plenary session of the 19th Communist Party of China Central Committee clearly required a legal framework and enforcement mechanisms to be established for safeguarding national security in the HKSAR.
黨的十九屆四中全會(huì )明確提出：“建立健全特別行政區維護國家安全的法律制度和執行機制”。

The HKSAR is an inseparable part of the People's Republic of China, and the NPC is the highest organ of state power.In light of the new circumstances and need, the NPC is exercising the power enshrined in the Constitution to establish and improve at the state level the legal system and enforcement mechanisms for the HKSAR to safeguard national security, and to uphold and improve the institutional framework of "one country, two systems".
香港特別行政區是中華人民共和國不可分離的部分。全國人民代表大會(huì )是最高國家權力機關(guān)，根據新的形勢和需要，行使憲法賦予的職權，從國家層面建立健全香港特別行政區維護國家安全的法律制度和執行機制，堅持和完善“一國兩制”制度體系，是完全必要的。

政府工作報告 government work report

“兩個(gè)維護”、“四個(gè)意識”、“四個(gè)自信”、“六穩”、“六?！?.....政府工作報告里提到的這些縮略語(yǔ)都代表什么呢？

“放管服”改革（簡(jiǎn)政放權、放管結合、優(yōu)化服務(wù)改革）
streamline the government, delegate power, and improve government services

“兩個(gè)維護”（堅決維護習近平總書(shū)記黨中央的核心、全黨的核心地位，堅決維護黨中央權威和集中統一領(lǐng)導）
resolutely uphold General Secretary Xi Jinping’s core position on the Party Central Committee and in the Party as a whole, and resolutely uphold the Party Central Committee’s authority and its centralized, unified leadership

三大攻堅戰（防范化解重大風(fēng)險、精準脫貧、污染防治攻堅戰）
the three critical battles against major risks, poverty, and pollution

“四風(fēng)”（形式主義、官僚主義、享樂(lè )主義和奢靡之風(fēng)）
the practice of formalities for formalities' sake, bureaucratism, hedonism, and extravagance

“四個(gè)意識”（政治意識、大局意識、核心意識、看齊意識）
consciousness of the need to maintain political integrity, think in big-picture terms, follow the leadership core, and keep in alignment

“四個(gè)自信”（中國特色社會(huì )主義道路自信、理論自信、制度自信、文化自信）
confidence in the path, theory, system, and culture of socialism with Chinese characteristics

“六穩”（穩就業(yè)、穩金融、穩外貿、穩外資、穩投資、穩預期）
ensure stability in employment, financial operations, foreign trade, foreign investment, domestic investment, and expectations

“六?！保ū＞用窬蜆I(yè)、?；久裆?、保市場(chǎng)主體、保糧食能源安全、保產(chǎn)業(yè)鏈供應鏈穩定、?；鶎舆\轉）
ensure security in job, basic living needs, operations of market entities, food and energy security, stable industrial and supply chains, and the normal functioning of primary-level governments

“兩新一重”（新型基礎設施、新型城鎮化、重大工程）
new infrastructure, new urbanization initiatives and major projects

公共衛生領(lǐng)域立法 legislation on public health

受全國人大常委會(huì )委托，全國人大常委會(huì )委員長(cháng)栗戰書(shū)5月25日向十三屆全國人大三次會(huì )議作《全國人民代表大會(huì )常務(wù)委員會(huì )工作報告》。

China's top legislature said it will prioritize legislation on public health this year.
全國人大常委會(huì )表示今年將加強公共衛生領(lǐng)域立法。

In its annual work report， the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress (NPC) said it plans to revise the Wildlife Protection Law， the Law on the Prevention and Control of Infectious Diseases， the Frontier Health and Quarantine Law， and the Emergency Response Law in 2020.
全國人大常委會(huì )工作報告指出，今年將對野生動(dòng)物保護法、傳染病防治法、國境衛生檢疫法、突發(fā)事件應對法進(jìn)行修改。

報告指出：

疫情發(fā)生以來(lái)，全國人大常委會(huì )堅決貫徹黨中央決策部署，迅速行動(dòng)、依法履職，作出關(guān)于全面禁止野生動(dòng)物非法交易和食用的決定，防范公共衛生安全風(fēng)險，促進(jìn)社會(huì )文明進(jìn)步。適應國家治理體系和治理能力現代化要求，根據公共衛生領(lǐng)域新情況新問(wèn)題，部署啟動(dòng)強化公共衛生法治保障體系的立法修法工作，為守護人民生命健康安全筑牢法治防線(xiàn)?；貞鐣?huì )關(guān)切，主動(dòng)宣傳解讀疫情防控法律，為疫情防控和經(jīng)濟社會(huì )發(fā)展提供法律支持。
Since the beginning of the Covid-19 outbreak， the NPC Standing Committee has acted promptly and performed its lawful duty while rigorously implementing the decisions and plans of the CPC Central Committee. We issued the decision to completely ban the illegal trade and consumption of wildlife， thereby protecting against public health risks and promoting the betterment of society. In line with the requirement to modernize China’s governance system and capacity for governance， and in light of new issues and circumstances in the public health field， the Standing Committee arranged for the enactment and revision of laws to strengthen the system of legal guarantees for public health in order to build a stronger line of defense for the health and safety of the people through the rule of law. We responded to public concerns， actively reached out to the public to clarify epidemic prevention and control laws， and provided legal support for anti-epidemic efforts and economic and social development.

十三屆全國人大三次會(huì )議大會(huì )發(fā)言人張業(yè)遂表示，

China currently has over 30 laws on public health, which have generally withstood the test of the COVID-19 epidemic and played a positive role. There are still some weak links and shortcomings in the legal framework, and the NPC Standing Committee will further strengthen China's public health legislation.
在中國目前有30多部與公共衛生防治體系有關(guān)的法律，這些法律在這次疫情大考中總體經(jīng)受住了考驗，發(fā)揮了積極作用，但也存在一些短板和不足。下一步，全國人大常委會(huì )的一項重要工作，就是通過(guò)立法修法進(jìn)一步完善和強化公共衛生法制保障體系。

The formulation or amendment of 17 laws is expected to be finished within the year, and 13 others will be updated in due course.
計劃今明兩年制定修改法律17部，適時(shí)修改法律13部。

外國國家豁免法 foreign states immunities law

全國人大代表、北京市社會(huì )科學(xué)院法學(xué)所研究員馬一德在接受記者采訪(fǎng)時(shí)表示，建議盡快制定符合我國國情的外國國家豁免法（foreign states immunities law）。

Formulating a foreign states immunities law will protect the legitimate rights and interests of Chinese citizens as well as foreign investors, said Ma Yide, a deputy to the National People's Congress (NPC) and a law researcher at the Beijing Academy of Social Sciences. It will also counteract malicious litigations raised in countries like the United States towards China over the COVID-19 response, Ma told reporters.
全國人大代表、北京市社會(huì )科學(xué)院法學(xué)所研究員馬一德對記者表示，制定外國國家豁免法將平等保護我國國民和外國投資者合法權益，同時(shí)對等反制美國等以新冠肺炎疫情向中國提出的惡意指控。

【知識點(diǎn)】

國家主權豁免（state sovereign immunity）是指國家根據國家主權和國家平等原則不接受他國管轄的特權。國家主權豁免是國家平等的必然結果。

一般認為，國家及其財產(chǎn)豁免權（state sovereign and property immunity）的內容包括以下三個(gè)方面：

1、司法管轄豁免（immunity from jurisdiction）：即未經(jīng)一國同意，他國法院不得受理以該外國國家為被告或者以該外國國家財產(chǎn)為訴訟標的的案件。

2、訴訟程序豁免（immunity from litigation）：即未經(jīng)一國同意，即使放棄管轄豁免，外國法院也不得對該國財產(chǎn)采取訴訟保全措施，不得強制出庭作證以及實(shí)施其他訴訟程序上的強制措施。

3、強制執行豁免（immunity from forcible execution）：一國同意在他國法院中作為被告或主動(dòng)作為原告參加民事訴訟，在未經(jīng)該國同意時(shí)，他國法院不得根據本國判決對該國財產(chǎn)實(shí)行強制執行。

在管轄豁免適用范圍方面，主要有絕對豁免和限制豁免兩種。

絕對豁免（absolute immunity）主張不論一國行為及其財產(chǎn)的性質(zhì)如何，也不論該國的財產(chǎn)位于何地、為誰(shuí)所控制，該國及其財產(chǎn)在其他國家法院都享有豁免權，除非該國本身自愿放棄這種豁免權；否則，任何其他國家的法院都無(wú)權受理以該國為被告或以該國財產(chǎn)為訴訟標的的民事案件。

限制豁免（limited immunity）則將國家行為分為公法行為(也稱(chēng)主權行為、統治權行為) 和私法行為(也稱(chēng)非主權行為、事務(wù)權行為、商業(yè)行為) ，并且只對外國國家的公法行為及用于該類(lèi)行為的國家財產(chǎn)予以管轄豁免，對其商業(yè)行為及用于該類(lèi)行為的財產(chǎn)則行使管轄權。

馬一德解釋說(shuō)，

The lack of such a law has emerged as a prominent issue in the current epidemic as some countries, led by the United States, tried to shift the blame for their own governments' incompetence on COVID-19 response.
這一問(wèn)題在此次疫情中尤為凸顯，以美國為首的部分國家試圖轉嫁本國政府防疫、控疫不力的責任。

Some groups and individuals in some countries even cited the Foreign Sovereign Immunities Act of the United States to bring litigations to the Chinese government and relevant departments.
甚至一些國家的團體或個(gè)人依據美國的外國主權豁免法對我國政府和相關(guān)部門(mén)提起訴訟。

"This has trampled on the internationally recognized principle of sovereign immunity, and is also a show of hegemony and power politics," Ma said, stressing the necessity and urgency for China to formulate a foreign states immunities law.
這既是對國家及其財產(chǎn)豁免這一國際法原則的踐踏，也是國際霸權與強權主義的體現，但同時(shí)凸顯出我國制定外國國家豁免法的必要性、緊迫性。

China follows the principle of absolute immunity of foreign states and their property, thus Chinese litigants are unable to sue foreign governments from domestic courts, while Chinese governments have often been sued in foreign courts, he added.
遵循外國國家及其財產(chǎn)絕對豁免的一般原則，我國當事人難以在國內法院對他國提起訴訟主張權益，我國政府卻作為被告在外國法院被頻頻起訴。

馬一德表示，在新形勢下，建議重新對國家豁免問(wèn)題進(jìn)行審視，由絕對豁免原則轉向國際主流的限制豁免原則，盡快制定符合我國國情的國家豁免法。

From a long-term perspective, adopting a limited immunities principle will show a responsible manner of the Chinese government to foreign investors, ensure stable expectations for the protection of their investments, and facilitate China's new round of opening-up and the development of the Belt and Road Initiative, he said.
長(cháng)遠來(lái)看，采取限制豁免原則將向外國投資者展示中國政府負責任的態(tài)度，為保護其投資提供穩定預期，助力我國新一輪對外開(kāi)放、‘一帶一路’倡議深化發(fā)展。

據了解，在當前錯綜復雜國際形勢和疫情防控常態(tài)化背景下，這一建議一經(jīng)提出就獲得了代表們的理解、認同和支持，北京代表團代表中超過(guò)35人聯(lián)名簽署并提交該議案。該議案目前已被大會(huì )議案組接收并分送有關(guān)專(zhuān)門(mén)委員會(huì )研究。

綠色通道 green channel

中國民航局于5月25日下發(fā)了《關(guān)于建立復產(chǎn)復工國際客運包機計劃審批“綠色通道”的通知》。

The country's top civil aviation authority said it has set up a "green channel" to streamline the approval procedure for chartered international passenger flights that are out of work-resumption purposes.
民航局表示，已針對復產(chǎn)復工國際客運包機建立“綠色通道”，優(yōu)化工作流程。

通知表示，中外航空公司的國際客運包機（chartered international passenger flights）應取得不定期飛行航班許可（license to operate a non-scheduled international service），暫不需時(shí)刻協(xié)調。各航空公司在申請不定期飛行航班許可的同時(shí)，即可向運行監控中心提交相關(guān)預先飛行計劃（pre-flight plan）申請。運行監控中心根據不定期飛行航班許可內容，盡快受理并發(fā)布預先飛行計劃。

對于不定期飛行航班許可申請，申請時(shí)限由原來(lái)的提前7個(gè)工作日調整為提前3個(gè)工作日，系統受理時(shí)間7×24小時(shí)（the application system is accessible 24/7）。

其實(shí)，民航局此前已對客貨運航班申請設立了相關(guān)綠色通道。

客運方面，民航局早在今年2月即開(kāi)設了復工復產(chǎn)綠色通道。貨運方面，今年4月3日，民航局下發(fā)了《關(guān)于疫情防控期間國際航空貨運建立審批“綠色通道”的通知》，對國際貨運航班（international cargo flights）計劃管理工作程序進(jìn)行臨時(shí)性調整，建立“綠色通道”，進(jìn)一步優(yōu)化工作流程（optimize procedure）、縮短辦理時(shí)間，促進(jìn)國際貨運航班計劃審批順暢高效。

此外，我國還與多個(gè)國家開(kāi)通“快捷通道”。

China has recently opened a "fast-track lane" with several countries for essential personnel on urgent visits in the areas of commerce, logistics, production and technological services.
中國近期與多個(gè)國家開(kāi)通“快捷通道”，為重要商務(wù)、物流、生產(chǎn)、技術(shù)服務(wù)等急需人員往來(lái)提供方便。

民法典 the Civil Code

十三屆全國人大三次會(huì )議以2879票贊成、2票反對、5票棄權，高票表決通過(guò)《中華人民共和國民法典》。

In addition to general and supplementary provisions, the Civil Code includes six parts on real rights, contracts, personality rights, marriage and family, inheritance, and tort liabilities.
除總則和附則之外，《民法典》包括物權、合同、人格權、婚姻家庭、繼承、侵權責任這六編。

The personal rights, property rights and other lawful rights and interests of the parties to civil legal relations shall be protected by law and shall not be infringed upon by any organization or individual, reads the Civil Code in its opening chapter.
《民法典》在總則部分明確，民事主體的人身權利、財產(chǎn)權利以及其他合法權益受法律保護，任何組織和個(gè)人不得侵犯。

保護人格尊嚴

The part on personality rights includes provisions on a civil subject's rights to life, body, health, name, portrait, reputation and privacy, among others.
人格權編包括民事主體享有的生命權、身體權、健康權、姓名權、肖像權、名譽(yù)權、隱私權等權利。

The part features stipulations on regulating studies related to human genes or embryos, strengthening privacy protection, banning sexual harassment, and other prominent issues of public concern.
人格權編還對嚴格規范與人體基因、人體胚胎等有關(guān)的科研活動(dòng)，加強隱私保護，禁止性騷擾，以及其他公眾關(guān)注的重要問(wèn)題進(jìn)行了規定。

適應新的實(shí)際情況

Data and online virtual assets are also legally protected, according to the Civil Code.
《民法典》規定，數據及網(wǎng)絡(luò )虛擬財產(chǎn)也受法律保護。

Personal information includs an individual's name, birthdate, identity card number, fingerprints, home address and phone number, as well as email addresses and location data.
個(gè)人信息的范圍包括自然人的姓名、出生日期、身份證件號碼、個(gè)人生物識別信息、住址、電話(huà)號碼，以及電子郵箱地址和行蹤信息。

此外，《民法典》還對緊急情況下保護個(gè)人權利的條款做了微調。

For example, if the guardian of a child is unable to perform his or her duties due to emergencies like being put under medical isolation, primary-level Party committees or civil affairs authorities must take over the guardianship, according to the code.
比如，兒童的監護人在醫學(xué)隔離等緊急情況下無(wú)法履行監護責任的，基層黨委或民政部門(mén)必須承擔起監護責任。

Lawmakers say drafting the code is not about formulating a new civil law but rather systematically incorporating existing civil laws and regulations, modifying and improving them to adapt to new situations while maintaining their consistency.
人大代表們表示，起草《民法典》并不是制定一部新的民法，而是將現有的民事法律法規進(jìn)行系統整合，在保持其一致性的前提下，根據新形勢進(jìn)行修訂和完善。

The Civil Code will take effect on Jan 1, 2021.
《民法典》自2021年1月1日起施行。