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數字政治術(shù)語(yǔ)翻譯技巧
“一國兩制”、“三個(gè)代表”、“四個(gè)現代化”這些帶數字的政治術(shù)語(yǔ)想必同學(xué)們都是耳熟能詳。數字可以簡(jiǎn)單表述出術(shù)語(yǔ)的內容，翻譯的時(shí)候可不可以直接用數字來(lái)表示呢？數字的背后又有哪些內涵呢？跟上海翻譯公司譯境翻譯一起來(lái)看看以下幾個(gè)例子吧~
一國兩制 One Country, Two Systems
“一國兩制”是中華人民共和國前任領(lǐng)導人鄧小平為了實(shí)現中國統一的目標而創(chuàng )造的方針，是中華人民共和國政府在臺灣問(wèn)題上的主要方針，也是香港、澳門(mén)兩個(gè)特別行政區所采用的制度。香港、澳門(mén)回歸以來(lái)，走上了同祖國內地優(yōu)勢互補、共同發(fā)展的寬廣道路，“一國兩制”實(shí)踐取得舉世公認的成功。
Since their return to the motherland, Hong Kong and Macao have embarked on a broad road along which they and the mainland draw on each other's strengths and pursue common development, and the success of the "one country, two systems" principle has won global recognition.“
"兩個(gè)一百年"奮斗目標 Two Centenary Goals
在中國共產(chǎn)黨成立一百年時(shí)全面建成小康社會(huì )，在新中國成立一百年時(shí)建成富強民主文明和諧的社會(huì )主義現代化國家。
The Two Centenary Goals are: to finish building a moderately prosperous society in all respects by the time the Communist Party of China celebrates its centenary in 2021; and to turn China into a modern socialist country that is prosperous, strong, democratic, culturally advanced, and harmonious by the time the People’s Republic of China celebrates its centenary in 2049.
"三個(gè)代表"重要思想 Important thought of Three Represents
中共十三屆四中全會(huì )（1989年6月23日至24日在北京舉行）以來(lái)，以江澤民同志為主要代表的中國共產(chǎn)黨人，在建設中國特色社會(huì )主義的實(shí)踐中，加深了對什么是社會(huì )主義、怎樣建設社會(huì )主義和建設什么樣的黨、怎樣建設黨的認識，積累了治黨治國新的寶貴經(jīng)驗，形成了"三個(gè)代表"重要思想。即：中國共產(chǎn)黨必須始終代表中國先進(jìn)生產(chǎn)力的發(fā)展要求，代表中國先進(jìn)文化的前進(jìn)方向，代表中國最廣大人民的根本利益。
After the Fourth Plenary Session of the 13th Central Committee of the CPC (held in Beijing, June 23-24, 1989), in the course of building socialism with Chinese characteristics, Chinese Communists, with Jiang Zemin as their chief representative, acquired a deeper understanding of what socialism is and how to build it, as well as what kind of Party to build and how to build it. They also accumulated new, valuable experience in running the Party and state, which helped form the important thought of Three Represents. The essence of Three Represents is that the CPC must always represent the development trend of China's advanced productive forces, the orientation of China's advanced culture and the fundamental interests of the overwhelming majority of the Chinese people.
"三個(gè)自信" The "Three Areas of Confidence"
"三個(gè)自信"是指道路自信、理論自信、制度自信。全面深化改革開(kāi)放的方向是堅定不移走中國特色社會(huì )主義道路，這是歷史的結論、人民的選擇。隨著(zhù)中國特色社會(huì )主義不斷發(fā)展，中國的制度必將越來(lái)越成熟，中國的道路必將越走越寬廣。中國全面深化改革，不是因為中國制度不好，而是要使它更好；堅定制度自信，不是要固步自封，而是要不斷革除體制機制弊端，讓中國的制度更成熟而持久。堅持和豐富中國特色社會(huì )主義理論體系，需要以巨大的理論勇氣和敏銳的理論自覺(jué)，勇于推進(jìn)實(shí)踐基礎上的理論創(chuàng )新，不斷豐富中國特色社會(huì )主義理論體系，毫不動(dòng)搖地堅持中國特色社會(huì )主義。
The "Three Areas of Confidence" refers to confidence in the path, theories and system of socialism with Chinese characteristics.When comprehensively deepening reform, we should firmly keep to China's socialist path.This is the conclusion drawn from history and the choice made by our people.As Chinese socialism develops, China's system will become increasingly mature and the Chinese road will get wider and wider.China is comprehensively deepening reform not because its system is inferior, but rather to make it better.We should have complete confidence in our system, and this does not mean that we will rest on our laurels and keep the system just as it is; rather, we mean we should eliminate defects in our institutions and mechanisms in order to make our system more mature and ensure that it endures the test of time.To adhere to and enrich socialist theories with Chinese characteristics, we must be theoretically courageous and aware, be brave enough to promote theoretical innovation based on practice and remain firmly committed to Chinese socialism.
"三嚴三實(shí)" "Three Stricts and Three Earnests"
"三嚴三實(shí)"是習近平對各級領(lǐng)導干部改進(jìn)作風(fēng)提出的要求，即嚴以修身、嚴以用權、嚴以律己，謀事要實(shí)、創(chuàng )業(yè)要實(shí)、做人要實(shí)。
"Three Stricts and Three Earnests" are requirements Xi Jinping proposed for officials at all levels to improve their conduct. The requirements are to be strict in self-development, the exercise of power, and self-discipline, and to be earnest in making plans, opening up new undertakings, and upholding personal integrity.
“四個(gè)全面”戰略布局 Four-Pronged Comprehensive Strategy
2014年11月，習近平到福建考察調研時(shí)提出了“協(xié)調推進(jìn)全面建成小康社會(huì )、全面深化改革、全面推進(jìn)依法治國進(jìn)程”的“三個(gè)全面”。2014年12月在江蘇調研時(shí)則將“三個(gè)全面”上升到了“四個(gè)全面”。
全面建成小康社會(huì ) finish building a moderately prosperous society;
全面深化改革 deepen reform;
全面依法治國 advance the law-based governance of China;
全面從嚴治黨。Strengthen Party self-discipline.
四個(gè)現代化 Four modernizations
1964年12月21日，周恩來(lái)在第三屆全國人民代表大會(huì )第一次會(huì )議上宣布，調整國民經(jīng)濟的任務(wù)已經(jīng)基本完成。他代表中共中央提出，“在不太長(cháng)的歷史時(shí)期內，把我國建設成為一個(gè)具有現代農業(yè)、現代工業(yè)、現代國防和現代科學(xué)技術(shù)的社會(huì )主義強國”。
農業(yè)現代化，工業(yè)現代化，國防現代化，科技現代化
The modernization of agriculture, industry, national defense, and science and technology
四項基本原則 The Four Cardinal Principles
1979年3月30日，鄧小平代表中共中央在北京召開(kāi)的理論工作務(wù)虛會(huì )上作了題為《堅持四項基本原則》的講話(huà)。鄧小平在講話(huà)中提出必須堅持的“四項基本原則”。
第一，必須堅持社會(huì )主義道路；We must keep to the socialist road.
第二，必須堅持無(wú)產(chǎn)階級專(zhuān)政；We must uphold the dictatorship of the proletariat.
第三，必須堅持共產(chǎn)黨的領(lǐng)導；We must uphold the leadership of the Communist Party.
第四，必須堅持馬列主義、毛澤東思想。We must uphold Marxism-Leninism and Mao Zedong Thought.
"四風(fēng)"問(wèn)題 "four forms of decadence"
當前中國共產(chǎn)黨黨內作風(fēng)問(wèn)題集中表現在形式主義、官僚主義、享樂(lè )主義和奢靡之風(fēng)這"四風(fēng)"上。這"四風(fēng)"是違背中國共產(chǎn)黨的性質(zhì)和宗旨的，是當前群眾深?lèi)和唇^、反映最強烈的問(wèn)題，也是損害黨群干群關(guān)系的重要根源。在形式主義方面，主要是知行不一、不求實(shí)效、弄虛作假。在官僚主義方面，主要是脫離實(shí)際、脫離群眾。在享樂(lè )主義方面，主要是精神懈怠、不思進(jìn)取。在奢靡之風(fēng)方面，鋪張浪費、驕奢淫逸、腐化墮落。
Currently, the CPC faces "four forms of decadence" in its ranks – formalism, bureaucratism, hedonism, and extravagance. These run counter to the nature and mission of the CPC and generate most resentment and complaints from the public. They are also a major cause of damage to relations between the CPC and the people and between officials and the general public.Formalism refers to doing things for form's sake, separating action from knowledge, neglecting what is practical and effective, and resorting to deceit.Bureaucratism refers to departing from reality and losing touch with the people.Hedonism refers to mental laxity and resting on one's laurels.Extravagance refers to waste and a dissolute and decadent lifestyle.
和平共處五項原則 Five Principles of Peaceful Coexistence
和平共處五項原則于1953年底由周恩來(lái)總理在接見(jiàn)印度代表團時(shí)第一次提出，是在建立各國間正常關(guān)系及進(jìn)行交流合作時(shí)應遵循的基本原則?；ハ嘧鹬刂鳈嗪皖I(lǐng)土完整、互不侵犯、互不干涉內政、平等互利、和平共處
一國兩制 One Country, Two Systems
“一國兩制”是中華人民共和國前任領(lǐng)導人鄧小平為了實(shí)現中國統一的目標而創(chuàng )造的方針，是中華人民共和國政府在臺灣問(wèn)題上的主要方針，也是香港、澳門(mén)兩個(gè)特別行政區所采用的制度。香港、澳門(mén)回歸以來(lái)，走上了同祖國內地優(yōu)勢互補、共同發(fā)展的寬廣道路，“一國兩制”實(shí)踐取得舉世公認的成功。
Since their return to the motherland, Hong Kong and Macao have embarked on a broad road along which they and the mainland draw on each other's strengths and pursue common development, and the success of the "one country, two systems" principle has won global recognition.“
"兩個(gè)一百年"奮斗目標 Two Centenary Goals
在中國共產(chǎn)黨成立一百年時(shí)全面建成小康社會(huì )，在新中國成立一百年時(shí)建成富強民主文明和諧的社會(huì )主義現代化國家。
The Two Centenary Goals are: to finish building a moderately prosperous society in all respects by the time the Communist Party of China celebrates its centenary in 2021; and to turn China into a modern socialist country that is prosperous, strong, democratic, culturally advanced, and harmonious by the time the People’s Republic of China celebrates its centenary in 2049.
"三個(gè)代表"重要思想 Important thought of Three Represents
中共十三屆四中全會(huì )（1989年6月23日至24日在北京舉行）以來(lái)，以江澤民同志為主要代表的中國共產(chǎn)黨人，在建設中國特色社會(huì )主義的實(shí)踐中，加深了對什么是社會(huì )主義、怎樣建設社會(huì )主義和建設什么樣的黨、怎樣建設黨的認識，積累了治黨治國新的寶貴經(jīng)驗，形成了"三個(gè)代表"重要思想。即：中國共產(chǎn)黨必須始終代表中國先進(jìn)生產(chǎn)力的發(fā)展要求，代表中國先進(jìn)文化的前進(jìn)方向，代表中國最廣大人民的根本利益。
After the Fourth Plenary Session of the 13th Central Committee of the CPC (held in Beijing, June 23-24, 1989), in the course of building socialism with Chinese characteristics, Chinese Communists, with Jiang Zemin as their chief representative, acquired a deeper understanding of what socialism is and how to build it, as well as what kind of Party to build and how to build it. They also accumulated new, valuable experience in running the Party and state, which helped form the important thought of Three Represents. The essence of Three Represents is that the CPC must always represent the development trend of China's advanced productive forces, the orientation of China's advanced culture and the fundamental interests of the overwhelming majority of the Chinese people.
"三個(gè)自信" The "Three Areas of Confidence"
"三個(gè)自信"是指道路自信、理論自信、制度自信。全面深化改革開(kāi)放的方向是堅定不移走中國特色社會(huì )主義道路，這是歷史的結論、人民的選擇。隨著(zhù)中國特色社會(huì )主義不斷發(fā)展，中國的制度必將越來(lái)越成熟，中國的道路必將越走越寬廣。中國全面深化改革，不是因為中國制度不好，而是要使它更好；堅定制度自信，不是要固步自封，而是要不斷革除體制機制弊端，讓中國的制度更成熟而持久。堅持和豐富中國特色社會(huì )主義理論體系，需要以巨大的理論勇氣和敏銳的理論自覺(jué)，勇于推進(jìn)實(shí)踐基礎上的理論創(chuàng )新，不斷豐富中國特色社會(huì )主義理論體系，毫不動(dòng)搖地堅持中國特色社會(huì )主義。
The "Three Areas of Confidence" refers to confidence in the path, theories and system of socialism with Chinese characteristics.When comprehensively deepening reform, we should firmly keep to China's socialist path.This is the conclusion drawn from history and the choice made by our people.As Chinese socialism develops, China's system will become increasingly mature and the Chinese road will get wider and wider.China is comprehensively deepening reform not because its system is inferior, but rather to make it better.We should have complete confidence in our system, and this does not mean that we will rest on our laurels and keep the system just as it is; rather, we mean we should eliminate defects in our institutions and mechanisms in order to make our system more mature and ensure that it endures the test of time.To adhere to and enrich socialist theories with Chinese characteristics, we must be theoretically courageous and aware, be brave enough to promote theoretical innovation based on practice and remain firmly committed to Chinese socialism.
"三嚴三實(shí)" "Three Stricts and Three Earnests"
"三嚴三實(shí)"是習近平對各級領(lǐng)導干部改進(jìn)作風(fēng)提出的要求，即嚴以修身、嚴以用權、嚴以律己，謀事要實(shí)、創(chuàng )業(yè)要實(shí)、做人要實(shí)。
"Three Stricts and Three Earnests" are requirements Xi Jinping proposed for officials at all levels to improve their conduct. The requirements are to be strict in self-development, the exercise of power, and self-discipline, and to be earnest in making plans, opening up new undertakings, and upholding personal integrity.
“四個(gè)全面”戰略布局 Four-Pronged Comprehensive Strategy
2014年11月，習近平到福建考察調研時(shí)提出了“協(xié)調推進(jìn)全面建成小康社會(huì )、全面深化改革、全面推進(jìn)依法治國進(jìn)程”的“三個(gè)全面”。2014年12月在江蘇調研時(shí)則將“三個(gè)全面”上升到了“四個(gè)全面”。
全面建成小康社會(huì ) finish building a moderately prosperous society;
全面深化改革 deepen reform;
全面依法治國 advance the law-based governance of China;
全面從嚴治黨。Strengthen Party self-discipline.
四個(gè)現代化 Four modernizations
1964年12月21日，周恩來(lái)在第三屆全國人民代表大會(huì )第一次會(huì )議上宣布，調整國民經(jīng)濟的任務(wù)已經(jīng)基本完成。他代表中共中央提出，“在不太長(cháng)的歷史時(shí)期內，把我國建設成為一個(gè)具有現代農業(yè)、現代工業(yè)、現代國防和現代科學(xué)技術(shù)的社會(huì )主義強國”。
農業(yè)現代化，工業(yè)現代化，國防現代化，科技現代化
The modernization of agriculture, industry, national defense, and science and technology
四項基本原則 The Four Cardinal Principles
1979年3月30日，鄧小平代表中共中央在北京召開(kāi)的理論工作務(wù)虛會(huì )上作了題為《堅持四項基本原則》的講話(huà)。鄧小平在講話(huà)中提出必須堅持的“四項基本原則”。
第一，必須堅持社會(huì )主義道路；We must keep to the socialist road.
第二，必須堅持無(wú)產(chǎn)階級專(zhuān)政；We must uphold the dictatorship of the proletariat.
第三，必須堅持共產(chǎn)黨的領(lǐng)導；We must uphold the leadership of the Communist Party.
第四，必須堅持馬列主義、毛澤東思想。We must uphold Marxism-Leninism and Mao Zedong Thought.
"四風(fēng)"問(wèn)題 "four forms of decadence"
當前中國共產(chǎn)黨黨內作風(fēng)問(wèn)題集中表現在形式主義、官僚主義、享樂(lè )主義和奢靡之風(fēng)這"四風(fēng)"上。這"四風(fēng)"是違背中國共產(chǎn)黨的性質(zhì)和宗旨的，是當前群眾深?lèi)和唇^、反映最強烈的問(wèn)題，也是損害黨群干群關(guān)系的重要根源。在形式主義方面，主要是知行不一、不求實(shí)效、弄虛作假。在官僚主義方面，主要是脫離實(shí)際、脫離群眾。在享樂(lè )主義方面，主要是精神懈怠、不思進(jìn)取。在奢靡之風(fēng)方面，鋪張浪費、驕奢淫逸、腐化墮落。
Currently, the CPC faces "four forms of decadence" in its ranks – formalism, bureaucratism, hedonism, and extravagance. These run counter to the nature and mission of the CPC and generate most resentment and complaints from the public. They are also a major cause of damage to relations between the CPC and the people and between officials and the general public.Formalism refers to doing things for form's sake, separating action from knowledge, neglecting what is practical and effective, and resorting to deceit.Bureaucratism refers to departing from reality and losing touch with the people.Hedonism refers to mental laxity and resting on one's laurels.Extravagance refers to waste and a dissolute and decadent lifestyle.
和平共處五項原則 Five Principles of Peaceful Coexistence
和平共處五項原則于1953年底由周恩來(lái)總理在接見(jiàn)印度代表團時(shí)第一次提出，是在建立各國間正常關(guān)系及進(jìn)行交流合作時(shí)應遵循的基本原則?；ハ嘧鹬刂鳈嗪皖I(lǐng)土完整、互不侵犯、互不干涉內政、平等互利、和平共處
The Five Principles of Peaceful Coexistence are: mutual respect for sovereignty and territorial integrity, mutual non-aggression, non-interference in each other’s internal affairs, equality and mutual benefit, and peaceful coexistence.
