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交通信號燈為何用紅色、黃色和綠色？
發(fā)起人：eging3　　回復數：1　　瀏覽數：4389　　最后更新：2022/9/29 1:17:01 by nihaota

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2016/10/10 18:37:15
eging3





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交通信號燈為何用紅色、黃色和綠色？


Red means "stop," green means "go," and yellow means "hurry up and make that damn light." Why those colors, though? Why not blue, purple, and brown? I have to admit that aside from a hunch that it had to do with wavelengths, I had no idea myself, so I decided to look into it.
紅燈“?！?，綠燈“行”，黃燈亮了“快點(diǎn)走”，但為什么交通信號燈要用這三個(gè)顏色，而不用藍色、紫色或者褐色呢？必須承認除了直覺(jué)認為這與波長(cháng)有關(guān)外，我完全不知道原因，所以我決定一探究竟。

The answer, as it turns out, is a little convoluted, but makes sense. The earliest traffic signals were designed for trains, not cars. They were red and green, gas-powered, and more than a little dangerous in the event of a leak.
事實(shí)證明，答案確實(shí)有點(diǎn)復雜，不過(guò)倒也還講得通。最早的交通信號燈是為火車(chē)而不是汽車(chē)通行設計。信號燈為紅色和綠色，使用煤氣，在漏油時(shí)會(huì )非常危險。

? Red is an inherited symbol from railroads
紅色源于鐵路信號燈

Red symbolizes danger in many cultures, which makes sense, considering it has the longest wavelength of any color on the visible spectrum, meaning you can see it from a greater distance than other colors. Red has meant stop since long before cars existed, with train signals' use of red dating back to the days when mechanical arms lifted and lowered to indicate whether the rail ahead was clear. So that one's simple.
由于紅色在可見(jiàn)光譜中波長(cháng)最長(cháng)，因此可視距離要比其它顏色更遠，這就可以理解為什么很多文化中將紅色視為危險信號。紅色很早以前就被用作火車(chē)信號，那時(shí)汽車(chē)還沒(méi)出現，而鐵路用機械臂板上升下降來(lái)代表前方是否有火車(chē)駛來(lái)。這比較容易理解。

? Green meant "caution" at first
綠色最早用于“警示”

Green's role in lights has actually changed dramatically over time. Its wavelength is next to (and shorter than) yellow's on the visible spectrum, meaning it's still easier to see than any color other than red and yellow. Back in the early days of railway lights, green originally meant "caution," while the "all-clear" light was, well, clear or white. Trains, of course, take an interminably long time to stop, and legend has it that several disastrous collisions happened after an engineer mistook stars in the night horizon for an all-clear. Thus, green became "go," and for a long time, railways used only green and red to signal trains.
長(cháng)期以來(lái)綠色在交通信號燈中的角色發(fā)生了巨大變化?？梢?jiàn)光譜中，綠色波長(cháng)因僅次于黃色，因此是除了紅色和黃色外最容易看見(jiàn)的顏色。在早期的鐵路信號燈中，綠色最初代表“警示”，而無(wú)色或白色代表“全線(xiàn)通行”。當然，火車(chē)停下來(lái)需要非常長(cháng)的時(shí)間，據說(shuō)由于一名工程師將夜晚天空中的星星誤認為全線(xiàn)通行的信號燈，導致了若干起災難性事故的發(fā)生。因此，綠燈成為了“通行”的標志，長(cháng)期以來(lái)鐵路也只將紅色和綠色作為信號燈。

? Yellow means "caution" because it's almost as easy to see as red
黃色代表“注意”，因為它幾乎和紅色一樣顯眼。

From the earliest days of motoring up until the mid-1900s, not all stop signs were red --many were yellow, along with yield signs, because at night it was all but impossible to see a red stop sign in a poorly lit area. The yellow stop-sign craze began in Detroit in 1915, a city that five years later installed its first electric traffic signal, which happened to include the very first amber traffic light, at the corner of Michigan and Woodward Aves.
從最早開(kāi)始出現汽車(chē)到20世紀中期，并不是所有的停車(chē)信號都用紅色——很多使用黃色，讓路標志也是，因為夜晚在光線(xiàn)極暗的地方根本看不見(jiàn)紅色的停車(chē)信號?！包S色停車(chē)信號潮”始于1915年的底特律，五年后，這座城市在密歇根和伍德沃德大街安裝了第一個(gè)首次包括黃色燈的電子交通信號燈。

But what of those weird yellow stop signs, you ask? As materials and technologies evolved, the ability to produce highly reflective signs meant that red could resume its natural spot in the sign hierarchy, leaving the still-highly-visible yellow (it's second only to red in terms of visible wavelength) to the domain of "caution." That's why school zones and buses, crosswalks, and other important warnings are yellow today.
你是不是想問(wèn)，那些奇怪的黃色停止標志又是干什么的呢？材料學(xué)和高技術(shù)的發(fā)展使得人們研發(fā)出高度反光指示燈，因此紅色才能在信號燈中重拾“停車(chē)霸權”，將可視度較高的黃色（可視波長(cháng)僅次于紅色）留在了“警告”的位置。這也是為什么學(xué)校區、公交站、人行橫道和其它重要位置使用黃色警告信號燈的原因。

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2022/9/29 1:17:03
nihaota





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