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十種翻譯技巧（A）
發(fā)起人：eging3　　回復數：1　　瀏覽數：6752　　最后更新：2022/9/28 20:25:06 by nihaota

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2017/5/9 12:55:30
eging3





角　　色：管理員
發(fā) 帖 數：1914
注冊時(shí)間：2015/7/22
十種翻譯技巧（A）

十種翻譯技巧   



了解完四種翻譯方法后，我們再來(lái)了解一下十種常用翻譯技巧，即重復法(repetition)，增詞法(amplification)，省略法(omission)，詞類(lèi)轉換法(conversion)，詞序調整法(inversion)，拆譯法(division)，合譯法（combination），正說(shuō)反譯和反說(shuō)正譯法(negation)，語(yǔ)態(tài)變換法(voice changes)，引申法（extension）和句子成分轉譯法。


1重復法(repetition)

重復法(repetition)是在翻譯中，為了使譯文忠實(shí)于原文并且產(chǎn)生意義明確，文字通順、流暢，符合目的語(yǔ)習慣的文字，而將某一部分文字反復使用的翻譯技巧。

例子： 

1.You must ask the mother at home, the children in the street, the ordinary man in the market and look at their mouth, how they speak, and translate that way; then they?ll understand and see that you?re speaking to them in German. （重復謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞） 

你一定要問(wèn)一問(wèn)家庭主婦們，問(wèn)一問(wèn)街頭玩耍的孩子，問(wèn)一問(wèn)集市上做買(mǎi)賣(mài)的百姓，聽(tīng)聽(tīng)他們說(shuō)些什么，他們如何說(shuō)，你就如何譯；這樣他們就會(huì )理解，就會(huì )明白：你是在用德語(yǔ)和他們講話(huà)。

2.We have to analyze and solve problems. (重復賓語(yǔ))

我們必須分析問(wèn)題，解決問(wèn)題。

3.Ignorance is the mother of fear as well as of admiration. (重復省略的部分) 

無(wú)知是畏懼之源，羨慕之根。 

4.But we still have defects, and very big ones. (指代內容的重復)

但我們仍有不足，而且是很大的不足。 

5.The dog is chasing the cat which is chasing a rat which is having a piece of cheese in its mouth. (指代內容的重復) 

那條狗在追著(zhù)那只貓，而貓又在追著(zhù)一只老鼠，老鼠的嘴里銜著(zhù)一塊奶酪。 

6.判斷我們各方面工作的是非得失，歸根到底，要以是否有利于發(fā)展社會(huì )主義的生產(chǎn)力，是否有利于增強我國的綜合國力，是否有利于提高人民的生活水平為標準。 

In the final analysis, the criterion for judging the success or failure of our work in various fields is whether it helps to develop the productive forces of socialist society, to strengthen the overall capacity of the country and to improve the people?s living standards. 

7.I had experienced oxygen and /or engine trouble. 

我曾碰到過(guò)，不是氧氣設備了故障，就是引擎出故障，或兩者都出故障（重復名詞） 

8. The three most important effects of an electric current are heating, magnetic and chemical effects. 

電流的三種最重要的效應是熱效應、磁效應和化學(xué)效應。

9. Alternating stress not only varies in magnitude but also in direction. 

交變應力不僅大小不同，而且方向不同。

10. But his wife kept dinning in his ears about his idleness, his carelessness, and the ruin he was bringing on his family.

可是他老婆不斷地在他耳朵邊嘮叨個(gè)沒(méi)完，說(shuō)他懶惰，說(shuō)他粗心，并且說(shuō)他一家人都要毀在他的身上。

11. Sleep is most graceful in an infant  soundest ,in one who has been tired in the open air; completest ,to the sea man after a hard voyage  most welcome ,to the mind haunted with one idea  most touching to look at ,in the parent that has wept ;lightest ,in the playful child ; proudest ,in the bride abored .   

嬰兒的睡眠，最為優(yōu)美；經(jīng)過(guò)一番戶(hù)外勞作，疲憊不堪的人的睡眠，最為酣暢； 在艱苦航程之后的水手的睡眠，最為圓滿(mǎn)；為某種意念所苦的人，對睡眠最為歡迎；哭泣后的母親的睡眠，最為動(dòng)人；一個(gè)頑皮小孩的睡眠，最為輕松；一個(gè)深受愛(ài)慕的新娘的睡眠，最為驕傲。


2增詞法(amplification) 

在翻譯中為了使譯文通順易懂，或是為了行文生動(dòng)，更符合目的與的語(yǔ)言習慣而采取的增加部分解釋性詞語(yǔ)、連接詞、類(lèi)屬詞、概括性詞語(yǔ)和代詞的做法叫增詞法(amplification)。

1.The subsequent generations of this family grew impoverished by a combination of drought, extortion, and too many gifts to opera girls, all of which led to their losing face and their property.

參考譯文：在接下來(lái)的幾代中，因為遭遇旱災，被人勒索，再加上給優(yōu)伶的封賞太多，這個(gè)家族便最終資財耗盡，風(fēng)光不再了。

2.The men squatted in their dark-colored logy is, the ever-present cheroots clenched between their teeth.

參考譯文：男人們穿著(zhù)深色的袍裙，蹲坐在那里，嘴里總是叼著(zhù)煙。

3.His consideration of the Bible with the language of ordinary people and his consideration of translation in terms of focusing on the TL and the TT reader were crucial in his translation.

他注重使用民眾的語(yǔ)言來(lái)翻譯圣經(jīng)，注重為目的語(yǔ)和目的語(yǔ)文本的讀者考慮，這兩點(diǎn)在他的翻譯中很關(guān)鍵。

4.This plan with all its disadvantages is considered to be one of the best.  

盡管有種種不周全之處，這個(gè)計劃仍被認為是最佳計劃之一。 

5.Flowers bloom all over the yard. 朵朵鮮花滿(mǎn)院盛開(kāi)

6. Reading makes a full man; conference a ready man; writing an exact man.       

讀書(shū)使人充實(shí),討論使人機智,寫(xiě)作使人嚴謹。 

7. 不要重復葉公好龍那個(gè)故事，講了多少年的社會(huì )主義，臨到社會(huì )主義跑來(lái)找他，她又害怕起來(lái)了。（《毛澤東選集》，第五卷）

The story of Lord Ye who professed to love dragons should not be repeated. One must not just talk about socialism for years and then suddenly turn pale when socialism comes knocking at the door.   

8. Day after day he came to his work——sweeping, scrubbing, cleaning.

他每天來(lái)干活——掃地，擦桌椅，清理房間。

9. 一個(gè)籬笆三個(gè)樁，一個(gè)好漢三人幫。 

A bamboo fence needs the support of three stakes, and an able man needs the help of three other persons.    Stakes make a bamboo fence stand, and supporters help an able man succeed.  

10. 三個(gè)臭皮匠，合成一個(gè)諸葛亮。 

Three cobblers with their wits combined equal Zhuge liang the master mind. 


3省略法(omission)

省略法(omission)是為了行文的簡(jiǎn)潔和更符合目的與習慣，將一些重復的詞語(yǔ)或一些已被涵蓋的意義省去的翻譯方法，而原文的意義并未因此受到任何損失。

1.When she could no longer decide, she became depressed. Whenever Dwight picked up the baby to take him to his place or to the doctor’s for a checkup, she felt relief.

她無(wú)法抉擇，心情壓抑，而前夫馬賽一把孩子接走或是送到診所接受檢查，她就會(huì )有一種輕松感。     

2.Rupert with his flexible young knees sat in a hunch-and-crouch pose in imitation of the natives. 

魯珀特年齡小，雙膝柔韌，學(xué)著(zhù)當地人的樣子，弓背縮身地跪坐著(zhù)。

3.Stainless steel possess   

譯文：不銹鋼硬度大，強度高。 

4.Penicillin works by not allowing a bacterium to build its cell wall.

青霉素的作用是不讓細菌制造細胞壁。

5.This is the solid rocky bottom under the ooze and mud of the ocean floor.  

海底軟泥和泥層下面是堅硬的巖石層。 

6.There is a 30% increase of our installed capacity with this year.

今年，我們的裝機容量增加了30%。

7. 在工作中，我們必須避免犯不必要的的錯誤。

We must avoid making mistakes in our work. 

8. 質(zhì)子帶陽(yáng)電，電子帶陰電，而中子既不帶陽(yáng)電也不帶陰電。

A proton has a positive charge and an electron a negative charge, but a neutron has neither.

9. He put his hand into his pockets and then shrugged his shoulders.

他雙手插進(jìn)口袋，聳了聳肩。

10. Smoking is not allowed in the store-house.     

倉庫重地，嚴禁吸煙。 

11. 匪軍所至，殺戮人民，奸淫婦女，焚毀村莊，掠奪財物，無(wú)所不用其極。

Wherever they went, they massacred and raped, burned and looted, and stopped at nothing.

12. 前怕龍后怕虎的態(tài)度不能造就干部。

“Fearing dragons ahead and tigers behind” will not produce cadres.

13. 我們黨結束了那個(gè)時(shí)期的社會(huì )動(dòng)蕩和紛擾不安的局面。

Our Party has put an end to the social unrest and up heaval of that time.

14. 這種人鬧什么東西呢？鬧名譽(yù)，鬧地位，鬧出風(fēng)頭。（《毛澤東選集》三卷，779頁(yè)） 

What are these people after? They are after fame and position and want to be in the limelight.
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［eging3 于 2017-5-9 13:47:52 編輯過(guò)］ 排版出錯
2022/9/28 20:25:07
nihaota





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