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四種翻譯方法(A)
發(fā)起人:eging3  回復數:1  瀏覽數:5608  最后更新:2022/9/28 20:25:39 by nihaota

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eging3 發(fā)表于 2017/5/9 11:15:26
四種翻譯方法(A)

四種翻譯方法




1.  直譯和意譯 
所謂直譯,就是在譯文語(yǔ)言條件許可時(shí),在譯文中既保持原文的內容,又保持原文的形式——特別指保持原文的比喻、形象和民族、地方色彩等。   
  每一個(gè)民族語(yǔ)言都有它自己的詞匯、句法結構和表達方法。當原文的思想內容與譯文的表達形式有矛盾不宜采用直譯法處理時(shí),就應采用意譯法。意譯要求譯文能正確表達原文的內容,但可以不拘泥與原文的形式。(張培基)   
  應當指出,在再能確切的表達原作思想內容和不違背譯文語(yǔ)言規范的條件下,直譯有其可取之處,一方面有助于保存原著(zhù)的格調,另一方面可以進(jìn)新鮮的表達方法。      
  Literaltranslation refers to an adequate representation of the original. When theoriginal coincides or almost tallies with the Chinese language in the sequenceof vocabulary, in grammatical structure and rhetorical device, literaltranslation must be used.   
  Freetranslation is also called liberal translation, which does not adhere strictlyto the form or word order of the original.(郭著(zhù)章)  
  直譯法是指在不違背英語(yǔ)文化的前提下,在英譯文中完全保留漢語(yǔ)詞語(yǔ)的指稱(chēng)意義,求得內容和形式相符的方法。   
  意譯是指譯者在受到譯語(yǔ)社會(huì )文化差異的局限時(shí),不得不舍棄原文的字面意義,以求疑問(wèn)與原文的內容相符和主要語(yǔ)言功能的相似。(陳宏薇)   
  簡(jiǎn)單地說(shuō),直譯指在譯文中采用原作的的表達方法,句子結構與原句相似,但也不排除在短語(yǔ)層次進(jìn)行某些調整。   
  意譯指在譯文中舍棄原作的表達方法,另覓同意等效的表達方法,或指對原作的句子結構進(jìn)行較大的變化或調整。(楊莉藜) 
Literal translation may be defined as having thefollowing characteristics:   
1, literal translation takes sentences as itsbasic units and the whole text into consideration at the same time in thecourse of translating.   
2, literal translation strives to reproduce boththe ideological content and style of the entire literary work and retain asmuch as possible the figures of speech and such main sentence structures orpatterns as SV,SVO, SVC, SVA, SVOO, SVOC, SVOA formulated by Randolph Quirk, one of the authors of the book AComprehensive Grammar of the English Language.   
  Freetranslation may be defined as a supplementary means to mainly convey themeaning and spirit of the original without trying to reproduce its sentencepatterns or figures of speech. And it is adopted only when and where it isreally impossible for translators to do literal translation. (Liu Zhongde).   
練習:
He walked at the head of the funeral procession,and every now and  then wiped his crocodiletears with a big handkerchief. 
他走在送葬隊伍的前頭,還不時(shí)用一條大手絹擦一擦他的鱷魚(yú)淚。 
It’s an illwind that blows nobody good. 
對有些人有害的事情可能對另一些人有利。
Every doghas his day. 
人人皆有得意日。 
It meanskilling two birds with one stone. 
這意味著(zhù)一石二鳥(niǎo)。
這意味著(zhù)一舉兩得。
這意味著(zhù)一箭雙雕。 
你不要班門(mén)弄斧。 
Don’tdisplay your axe at Lu Ban’s door.
Don’t teachyour grandmother to suck eggs.
Never offerto teach a fish to swim.
Nixon wassmiling and Kissinger smiling more broadly.
尼克松滿(mǎn)面春風(fēng),基辛格更是笑容可掬。
在我的后園,可以看見(jiàn)墻外有兩株樹(shù),一株是棗樹(shù),還有一株也 是棗樹(shù)。 
Behind the wall of my backyard you can see twotrees: one is a date tree, the other is also a date tree. 
8. 油蛉在這里低唱,蟋蟀們在這里彈琴。
Here fieldcrickets droned away while house crickets chirped merrily. 
There is amixture of the tiger and the ape in the character of a French man. 
法國人的性格混合有老虎和猿的成分。
法國人的性格既殘暴又狡猾。 
虎惡狐狡,兼而有之,這就是法國人的性格。 
Every spirits you take is a nail in yourcoffin. 
你喝的每一杯酒都在縮短你的性命。
你喝的每一杯酒都是你棺材上的一顆釘子。 
The first time I saw her, half of my life ago,she nearly took my breath away. 
大半生前第一次見(jiàn)到她,她差點(diǎn)兒把我的呼吸帶走。
大半生前第一次見(jiàn)到她,我就驚呆了。 
蘆笛巖是桂林最精彩的巖洞。 
Reed Flute Cave is the most magnificent of all inGuilin. 
Don’t cross the bridge till you get to it. 
不必擔心太早。
不必自尋煩惱。 
Do you see any green in my eye? 
你以為我是好騙的嗎? 
15. I want a man who will throw his hat over theChindwin and then lead his troops after it.
  我要的是這樣一個(gè)人,他決心在親頓江破釜沉舟,然后率領(lǐng)部隊前進(jìn)。 
16. Ruth was upsetting the other children, so Ishowed her the door. 
魯斯一直在擾亂別的孩子,我把他攆了出去。 
17. The operation may not succeed; it’s a gamblewhether he lives or dies. 
手術(shù)不一定成功,能否保住他的性命,只能一賭。 
18. But after six years of a stormy marriage,Cewe decided to end it. 
六載婚姻生活,風(fēng)雨交加,賽維決定結束這種婚姻。 
19. The boxes, being museum quality, would haveincreased in worth over the years, and
made people remember me “with growing appreciation.” 
九只盒子,都足以當作文物收藏在博物館里,隨著(zhù)歲月流逝,它們的價(jià)值還會(huì )越來(lái)越高,人們也會(huì )記住我,“越來(lái)越感激”我。 
20. Smashing a mirror is no way to make an uglyperson beautiful, nor is it a way to make
socialproblems evaporate.
意譯:砸鏡子并不能解決實(shí)際問(wèn)題。 
直譯:砸鏡子并不能使丑八怪變漂亮,也不能使社會(huì )問(wèn)題煙消云散。 
21. He had about as much chance of getting a jobas of being chosen mayor of Chicago. 
A.他找到工作的機會(huì )和當選芝加哥市長(cháng)的機會(huì )差不多
B.他找到工作的機會(huì )簡(jiǎn)直跟當選芝加哥市長(cháng)同樣困難。 C.他找到工作的機會(huì )簡(jiǎn)直微
乎其微。
22. “你真是不到黃河不死心?!彼吐暤卣f(shuō),無(wú)可奈何地搖搖頭。(《寒夜》) 
“You reallydo refuse to give in until all hope is gone.” she murmured, shaking her
headhelplessly.
23. It isa long lane that had no turning.
誤:那是一條沒(méi)有彎的長(cháng)巷。 
正:無(wú)論多長(cháng)的巷也有彎的地方(路必有彎,事必有變)。
24. We cannot estimate the value of modernscience too much.
誤:我們不能過(guò)高地估計現代科學(xué)的價(jià)值。
正:對現代科學(xué)的價(jià)值無(wú)論如何重視也不過(guò)分。 
25. At the door to the restaurant, a stunning,porcelain-faced woman in traditional costume asked me to remove my shoes. 
在通往餐廳的門(mén)口有一位迷人的陶瓷般臉蛋的婦女叫我脫下鞋子。 在通往餐廳的門(mén)口有一位婦女,涂脂抹粉、細皮嫩肉、身著(zhù)和服、十分迷人,她叫我脫下鞋子。在  通往餐廳的門(mén)口有一位婦女,她身著(zhù)和服,儀態(tài)優(yōu)美,面龐陶瓷般光潔白皙,叫我脫去鞋子。 
26. The rather arresting spectacle of little oldJapan adrift amid beige concrete skyscrapers is the very symbol of theincessant struggle between the kimono and the miniskirt. 
古老的小日本漂游在灰棕色的鋼筋混凝土摩天大樓之間的引人景象是和服與超短裙之間的不斷斗爭的象征。   
式樣古老小巧的日本房屋像小船一般,漂游在灰棕色的鋼筋混凝土摩天大樓之間,這引人注目的景象象征著(zhù)舊傳統和新發(fā)展之間的不斷斗爭。   
米黃色的混凝土摩天大樓之間,飄蕩著(zhù)小小的古老的日本,構成了一道吸引人的恰恰象征著(zhù)和服與迷你裙間不斷的斗爭。
27.千字比十字只多一小撇,不是差不多嘛?  
Thecharacter千 differs from 十 in merely having one additional short stroke. Aren’tthey about the same? 
28,我們盡忙著(zhù)雞毛蒜皮的事兒,還沒(méi)有顧得上呢。(新兒女英雄傳)
Wehaven’t had time, we’ve been too busy with chicken feather and onion skinaffairs, with light trivial matters!
29,“八字沒(méi)有一撇呢” 
Not even the first stroke of the character 八 is in sight.
30、三個(gè)人品字式坐了,隨便談了幾句(子夜) 
The three men sat down facing each other andbegan casually chatting.
nihaota 發(fā)表于 2022/9/28 20:25:40
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