上海專(zhuān)業(yè)翻譯公司
立即在線(xiàn)咨詢(xún)
歡迎資深譯員加項目QQ
JS導航效果
|
|
|
經(jīng)典翻譯技巧——翻譯中的假話(huà)
發(fā)起人:eging  回復數:0  瀏覽數:4203  最后更新:2018/11/7 8:38:56 by eging

發(fā)表新帖  帖子排序:
2018/11/7 8:38:54
eging





角  色:管理員
發(fā) 帖 數:3730
注冊時(shí)間:2015/6/5
經(jīng)典翻譯技巧——翻譯中的假話(huà)
        假話(huà),又名大話(huà)、空話(huà)、套話(huà)、官話(huà),為中國大陸文壇之痼疾。假話(huà)之所以盛行是依靠宣傳機器的輿論轟炸,長(cháng)年累月,久而久之,便成為人民群眾的心理定勢和集體無(wú)意識。假話(huà)不僅為政府公告、報紙社論、領(lǐng)導報告、學(xué)生習作不可或缺,也出現于學(xué)者著(zhù)作、商業(yè)廣告、新聞報道,最后又悄無(wú)聲息地進(jìn)入了應用文和說(shuō)明文。

  假話(huà)對翻譯有極大的干擾作用,倘若逐字直譯,將使英語(yǔ)讀者無(wú)法理解或不能接受。

  下面的中英文摘自《用英語(yǔ)說(shuō)中國·科技》(上??茖W(xué)普及出版社)。該書(shū)據稱(chēng)是“中國第一部雙語(yǔ)百科全書(shū)”,因此它的文體應屬于說(shuō)明文,亦即重在對事物的客觀(guān)說(shuō)明。


  中藥起源很早,可以追溯到原始社會(huì ),有數千年的悠久歷史。中醫藥是我國人民在長(cháng)期的生產(chǎn)勞動(dòng),生活實(shí)踐與醫療實(shí)踐中不斷地進(jìn)行積累總結的結果。根據古代文字的記載,中藥起源于原始社會(huì ),是當時(shí)的人們在從事生產(chǎn)活動(dòng)、生活實(shí)踐過(guò)程中逐漸發(fā)現和發(fā)展起來(lái)的。在原始社會(huì )時(shí)期,人們在采集可食用植物時(shí),常會(huì )誤食一些所謂的“毒物”,而引起嘔吐、腹瀉,甚至昏迷、死亡等情況,這就迫使人們不得不小心翼翼地去辨認這些植物,以防發(fā)生意外。但是,當人們發(fā)生疾病時(shí),可能又想到利用這些植物治療某些疾病,于是便開(kāi)展了早期的醫療實(shí)踐活動(dòng)。



  Traditional Chinese medicine(shortened as TCM), the origin of which could be traced back to the primitive society, boasts a history of thousands of years. It has been the result of a constant accumulation and summary of Chinese people in the long-term period of productive labor, living practices and medical practices. According to the written records in the ancient time, TCM originated in the primitive society; it was in the process productive labor, living practices that people at the time gradually discovered TCM and then developed it. People in the primitive society, when collecting the edible plants, often ate some so-called poisonous ones by mistake, which would often result in the occurrence of vomiting and diarrhea, even coma and death. This forced people at the time to identify the plants scrupulously in case something unexpected occurred. When people felt sick, they might, however, think of using the plants to cure their illnesses, so the early madicaal practices were carried out.



  上面的兩段文字,夾帶了許多主觀(guān)的東西,這當然是假話(huà)造成的。我們先看漢語(yǔ)部分:



  “中醫藥是我國人民在長(cháng)期的生產(chǎn)勞動(dòng),生活實(shí)踐與醫療實(shí)踐中不斷地進(jìn)行積累總結的結果?!?


  這是一種猜測和假設,猶如有人認為扭秧歌是模仿人民群眾的生產(chǎn)勞動(dòng)和生活實(shí)踐一樣。我們不反對這種說(shuō)法,但是論證這種猜測和假設應由議論文來(lái)?yè)V,用在說(shuō)明文中,可以適用于少林拳武當劍,漢服唐裝,麻將牌九,完全是套話(huà),而套話(huà)正是假話(huà)的一種。


  “是當時(shí)的人們在從事生產(chǎn)活動(dòng)、生活實(shí)踐過(guò)程中逐漸發(fā)現和發(fā)展起來(lái)的?!?


  喜歡重復,是假話(huà)的特點(diǎn)。


  “根據古代文字的記載,中藥起源于原始社會(huì )”


  這是“中藥起源很早,可以追溯到原始社會(huì ),有數千年的悠久歷史”的重復。


  “原始社會(huì )時(shí)期,人們在采集可食用植物時(shí),常會(huì )誤食一些所謂的‘毒物’,而引起嘔吐、腹瀉,甚至昏迷、死亡等情況,這就迫使人們不得不小心翼翼地去辨認這些植物,以防發(fā)生意外。但是,當人們發(fā)生疾病時(shí),可能又想到利用這些植物治療某些疾病,于是便開(kāi)展了早期的醫療實(shí)踐活動(dòng)?!?


  這段文字旨在說(shuō)明中藥的起源,應該說(shuō)是可信的。但是由于作者駕馭文字的功力太差,以致出現若干邏輯錯誤:古人吃了河豚魚(yú)、毒蘑菇固然會(huì )禍起蕭墻之內,但是喝狗尾巴草煎湯卻沒(méi)事,吃了金銀花、甘草還可治病。反觀(guān)現代中國人,吃了蘇丹紅、毒奶粉,怎么沒(méi)有創(chuàng )造出一門(mén)醫藥學(xué)呢?


  我們在討論“望聞問(wèn)切”時(shí),說(shuō)過(guò)那段英譯質(zhì)量,“慘”就一個(gè)字?,F在我們不得不說(shuō),這段“中藥”的英譯,怎一個(gè)“慘”字了得。反正閑著(zhù)也閑著(zhù),我們把它分析一番,聊作解悶罷了。



  Traditional Chinese medicine(shortened as TCM), the origin of which could be traced back to the primitive society, boasts a history of thousands of years.



  首先我們可以把原譯文的劃線(xiàn)部分刪去,把謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞boast改為介詞with。這樣,句子結構簡(jiǎn)化、明了,句意清晰、曉暢。



  【修改建議】Traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)could be traced back to the primitive society with a history of thousands of years.



  It has been the result of a constant accumulation and summary of Chinese people in the long-term period of productive labor, living practices and medical practices. According to the written records in the ancient time, TCM originated in the primitive society; it was in the process productive labor, living practices that people at the time gradually discovered TCM and then developed it.



  譯成這個(gè)樣子,部分原因是原文的錯:“中醫藥是我國人民在長(cháng)期的生產(chǎn)勞動(dòng),生活實(shí)踐與醫療實(shí)踐中不斷地進(jìn)行積累總結的結果。根據古代文字的記載,中藥起源于原始社會(huì ),是當時(shí)的人們在從事生產(chǎn)活動(dòng)、生活實(shí)踐過(guò)程中逐漸發(fā)現和發(fā)展起來(lái)的?!边@三句話(huà)中兩句是套話(huà),一句是重復話(huà),兩句套話(huà)又互為重復。這樣一來(lái)就把譯者折磨死了。


  故解決辦法是全文刪除。


  People in the primitive society, when collecting the edible plants, often ate some so-called poisonous ones by mistake, which would often result in the occurrence of vomiting and diarrhea, even coma and death. This forced people at the time to identify the plants scrupulously in case something unexpected occurred. When people felt sick, they might, however, think of using the plants to cure their illnesses, so the early madicaal practices were carried out.


  這段譯文全面地、天才地、創(chuàng )造性地繼承、捍衛和發(fā)展了原文的邏輯混亂。一會(huì )兒edible,一會(huì )兒so-called poisonous,一會(huì )兒occurrence of vomiting and diarrhea, even coma and death,到了語(yǔ)無(wú)倫次的地步。


  我們以這段譯文為基礎,結合漢語(yǔ)原文,重新組織一下句子:



  【修改建議】The TCM came into being in the pre-historical period when people began to recognize the properties, therapies, and toxisities of various herbal medicines by differentiating, applying, and processing them, and unergoing numerous trial-and-error procedures, including vomiting, diarrhea, coma or death.



  上面的譯文將“原始社會(huì )”譯作pre-historical period是一種還原。所謂“五種社會(huì )發(fā)展形態(tài)”是以《聯(lián)共(布)黨史簡(jiǎn)明教程》為代表的蘇聯(lián)模式對我們的洗腦。馬克思并不認為人類(lèi)歷史上存在過(guò)什么“原始社會(huì )”,他對社會(huì )發(fā)展形態(tài)的表述是“亞細亞的、古代的、封建主義的、資本主義的”。這種劃分在西方被普遍地接受。



  綜上所述,我們認為假話(huà)的翻譯策略有二:一是毫不吝惜地全文刪除,二是將假話(huà)還原為真話(huà)。



用戶(hù)在線(xiàn)信息
當前查看此主題的會(huì )員: 1 人。其中注冊用戶(hù) 0 人,訪(fǎng)客 1 人。


譯境翻譯公司BBS|上海翻譯論壇|同聲傳譯交流論壇|自由譯員社區|外籍母語(yǔ)翻譯交流|尋找上海翻譯工作|兼職翻譯招聘|筆譯口譯項目發(fā)布| 上海翻譯資源| 小語(yǔ)種翻譯資源| 證件翻譯資源| 留學(xué)文書(shū)翻譯模板| 翻譯語(yǔ)料術(shù)語(yǔ)庫| CAT翻譯軟件|Trados技術(shù)交流 英語(yǔ)高級翻譯群 德語(yǔ)高級翻譯群 法語(yǔ)高級翻譯群 俄語(yǔ)高級翻譯交流群 日語(yǔ)高級翻譯交流 阿拉伯語(yǔ)高級翻譯群 翻譯公司網(wǎng)絡(luò )營(yíng)銷(xiāo)合作
亚洲日韩久热中文字幕_午夜男女爽爽爽真人视频_东京热一区二区_免费日本高清中文在线