上海專(zhuān)業(yè)翻譯公司
立即在線(xiàn)咨詢(xún)
歡迎資深譯員加項目QQ
JS導航效果
|
|
|
翻譯技巧——英語(yǔ)翻譯技巧綜述(一)
發(fā)起人:eging  回復數:0  瀏覽數:4415  最后更新:2019/5/27 11:57:08 by eging

發(fā)表新帖  帖子排序:
2019/5/27 11:57:07
eging





角  色:管理員
發(fā) 帖 數:3730
注冊時(shí)間:2015/6/5
翻譯技巧——英語(yǔ)翻譯技巧綜述(一)
        定語(yǔ)從句:定語(yǔ)從句是由一些關(guān)系代詞或者關(guān)系副詞引導的從句組成,用來(lái)修飾名詞中心詞。
  Person has pieced togethter the workd of hundereds of researcher around the world to produce a unique millennium technology calendar that gives the latest date when we can expect hundreds of key breakthrough and discoveries to take place.
  皮而森 匯集了...生產(chǎn)出獨特的千年歷,這種千年歷(它)能夠...
  定語(yǔ)的翻譯要特別注意位子上的變化,即:如果是單詞修飾名詞就放在中心詞的前面,這和漢語(yǔ)的詞序是一樣的;如果定語(yǔ)太長(cháng),定語(yǔ)就要放在中心詞的后面,這時(shí)就要注意斷句,重復先行詞,例如:
  1.I have the same problem as you concerning the learning of English
  在學(xué)英語(yǔ)的問(wèn)題上,我和你有同樣的問(wèn)題。
  2.She has a perfect figure.
  她身材不錯。
  3.This is indeed a most pressing problem.
  這的確是一個(gè)非常棘手的問(wèn)題。
  4.The only other people who knew the secret were his father and mother.
  別的知道這個(gè)秘密的人就是他的父母。
  5.The effective work of maintaining discipline is usually performed by students who advise the academic authorities
  有效的維持紀律通常是由一些學(xué)生來(lái)做的,而這些學(xué)生則負責給學(xué)校的領(lǐng)導提建議。
  6.The nomads who made these markings lived by hunting a d fishing during the last Ice Age which began about 35,00 B.C. and ended about 10,000 B.C.
  作出這些刻記的游牧人,依靠狩獵和捕魚(yú)生活在冰河時(shí)代的晚期。這段時(shí)期大約始于公元前35,000年而結束于公元前10,000年。
  7. For several hundred years, cases have been reported of children who have been reared in the wild by animals kept isolated from all social contact.
  在過(guò)去的幾百年中,已經(jīng)有記載說(shuō),確實(shí)有被動(dòng)物養大的與世隔絕的狼孩的存在。
  另外,翻譯成漢語(yǔ)時(shí)還要注意未省略關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞的定語(yǔ)從句, 翻譯技巧所遵守的原則和上述的一樣:


  關(guān)系代詞引導的定語(yǔ)從句:
  8.He is the very person (whom) I’m looking for.
  他正是我要找的人。
  9.This is the flexible policy that our government has pursued consistently.
  這就是我們政府一直追求的靈活政策。
  10.Those whose families cannot afford board and expenses can be allowed to receive scholarship.
  那些家里提供不起食宿的學(xué)生可以得到獎學(xué)金。
  11.There are forms that occasionally occur which should not be taught to students.
  有些形式是不能告訴給學(xué)生的。


  關(guān)系副詞引導的定語(yǔ)從句:
  12.I took Mr. John to the village, where I had spent my carefree childhood.
  我把約翰先生帶到我度過(guò)無(wú)憂(yōu)無(wú)慮童年的鄉村。
  13.I still remember the time when we studied in the same university.
  我還記得我們一起上大學(xué)的日子。
  具體翻譯來(lái)說(shuō),定語(yǔ)從句的翻譯可分為限制性和非限制性定語(yǔ)從句兩種,翻譯成漢語(yǔ)時(shí)不論是在語(yǔ)序方面還是重復先行詞方面都有一定的講究:


  限制性定語(yǔ)從句的翻譯可分為以下幾方面:
  1.前置:這種定語(yǔ)從句一般比較短,翻譯起來(lái)比較方便,和漢語(yǔ)的詞序完全一樣,例如:
  a. This is the finest weather that I have ever seen this month.
  這是這個(gè)月我所看到的最好的天氣。
  b. Our two countries are neighbors whose friendship is of long standing.
  我們兩國是友誼長(cháng)存的友好鄰邦。
  c. Teachers generally like the students who achieve high scores in tests.
  老師通常喜歡考試中成績(jì)好的學(xué)生。
  d. He is not the one who will give up easily.
  他不是一個(gè)輕易服輸的人
  以上的這些例子告訴我們,如果定語(yǔ)很短的話(huà),我們可以把他象漢語(yǔ)一樣放在中心詞的前面。但是,有的時(shí)候,如果定語(yǔ)太長(cháng),讀起來(lái)就不符和漢語(yǔ)的習慣,因此,往往要后置,重復先行詞,這就是下面要提到的定語(yǔ)從句的


  “后置” 問(wèn)題,例如:
  2.后置:
  a. Misers are often lonely and obscure men whose wealth is revealed only after their death.
  吝嗇鬼經(jīng)常是看起來(lái)年很孤單、不為人所主意,可他們的財富只有等到他們死了以后才 暴露出來(lái)。


  3.“綜合性”的翻譯法。
  綜合性”的翻譯就是,翻譯時(shí)不需要關(guān)系詞,其中的關(guān)系完全靠上下文的意思來(lái)表現出來(lái),例如:
  a. This is the place where the accident occurred.
  這就是發(fā)生交通事故的地方。
  b. The person who delivered the letter to him is his neighbor.
  他的鄰居把信交給了他。
  c. There is a big oak tree that stands just in front of the village.
  村子前面有棵大象樹(shù)
  d. Most of our patients welcomed another human being with whom they could talk openly, honestly, and frankly about their trouble. 大多數病人想找人坦率、誠實(shí)地傾訴他們的苦衷。


  非限制性定語(yǔ)從句:這里,也可以分為以下幾種:
  1.前置:
  a. We need a chairman, in whom everyone has confidence 我們需要一個(gè)人人都信賴(lài)的主席。
  b. The worldly well-known actor , who had been ill for two years, meet thunderstorm applause when reappeared on the stage. 那個(gè)病了很多年的著(zhù)名演員,一上臺觀(guān)眾就報以雷鳴般的掌聲。
  c. Piccaso, whose works inspired many artists, lived until he was a ripe old age.
  畢加索的作品曾鼓勵了很多人,后來(lái)年紀很大時(shí),作品也日趨成熟。


  2.后置:這里包括: 重復先行詞, 譯成并列分句。這是比較常見(jiàn)的翻譯方法:
  a. He deposits a little sum of money in the bank, by which means he hopes to deal with any potential emergency easily. 我們每個(gè)月都在銀行里存一些錢(qián),這樣,碰到有任何危機時(shí),我們就可以應付了。
  b. A table has four legs, one of which is broken. 桌子有四條腿,其中的一條腿是壞的。
  c. Living in the central Australian desert has its problems, of which obtaining water is not the least.
  生活在澳大利亞中部有很多問(wèn)題,其中取水還不算最艱苦的。
  d. He decided to resign, which is the best thing he could do under the circumstances.
  他決定辭職,而這是他目前所能做的最好的事。
  e. He is late for class today, as is often the case.
  他今天遲到了,而這是經(jīng)常的事。
  以上的句子在翻譯成漢語(yǔ)后,要重復先行詞。其中的“which”可以是指前面的整個(gè)句子,也可以單指某個(gè)先行詞。


  3.省略先行詞:這種句行就象前面講的“綜和性”翻譯一樣,直接把整個(gè)句子的意思講出來(lái),例如:
  a. The two universities signed an agreement, under which they would exchange students and scholars.
  這兩個(gè)大學(xué),簽定了協(xié)議,決定交換學(xué)生和學(xué)者。
  b. He caught a young soldier coming to the farmhouse , whose face turned pale for too much loss of blood.
  他看見(jiàn)一個(gè)士兵走進(jìn)農舍,臉色因失血過(guò)多而蒼白。
  c. He passed the exam, which can be read from his the light on his face.
  我從他臉上就可以看出他已通過(guò)了考試。
  d. He arrived at the railway station in time , which is expected .
  他果然準時(shí)到了火車(chē)站。


  4.譯成狀語(yǔ)從句:有些作定語(yǔ)的句子聽(tīng)起來(lái)卻有點(diǎn)象狀語(yǔ)從句,因此翻譯時(shí)可以將其譯成狀語(yǔ)似的從句:
  a. You should take advantage of the opportunity to learn English well, which is very valuable.(原因)
  你應該利用這個(gè)機會(huì )好好學(xué)習英語(yǔ),這太重要了。
  b.We examine the quality of our products, which is why they are so reliable.(原因)
  我們檢驗產(chǎn)品很仔細,因此產(chǎn)品都很可靠。
  c.I never believe the stories, which is appealing.(讓步)
  我從不相信他所說(shuō)的故事,即使它很動(dòng)聽(tīng)。


  5. “as”引導的句子:除了以上這些例子以外,還有一些特殊的由 “as”引導的句子, 翻譯時(shí)可參考“as”的比較結構從句:
  a. He is not such as fool as he looks
  他并不象看上去的那么傻。
  b. They were not such questions as could easily be disposed of.
  這些問(wèn)題可不是那么容易就能處理好的。
  c. It wasn’t such a good dinner as she had promised us.
  這頓飯可沒(méi)有她向我們說(shuō)的那么好。


  直譯與意譯
  直譯是基礎,意譯是補充,能直譯就盡量直譯,不能直譯就采取意譯
  1. Their accent couldn’t fool a native speaker.
  A.他們的口音不能愚弄本地人
  B.本地人是不會(huì )聽(tīng)不出他們是外鄉人的。
  C.本地人一聽(tīng)他們的口音便知道他們是外鄉人的。
  2. Smashing a mirror is no way to make an ugly person beautiful, nor is it a way to make social problems evaporate.
  意譯:砸鏡子并不能解決實(shí)際問(wèn)題。
  直譯: 砸鏡子并不能使丑八怪變漂亮,也不能使社會(huì )問(wèn)題煙消云散。
  3.He felt a rush of fear churning his stomach.
  直譯: 他感到一陣恐懼涌上胃口
  意譯:他感到一陣恐懼涌上心頭
  4. He bent solely upon profit.
  A.他只屈身與利潤之前
  B.只有利潤才使他低頭。
  C.他惟利是圖
  5. Would there be any possibility of having breakfast on the train before we are decanted in Munich ?
  A.當我們在慕尼黑被騰出車(chē)廂之前有任何在火車(chē)上吃早飯的可能性嗎?
  B.我們在慕尼黑被騰出車(chē)廂之前,有可能在火車(chē)上吃早飯嗎?
  6. He had about as much chance of getting a job as of being chosen mayor of Chicago.
  A.他找到工作的機會(huì )和當選芝加哥市長(cháng)的機會(huì )差不多
  B.他找到工作的機會(huì )簡(jiǎn)直跟當選芝加哥市長(cháng)同樣困難。
  C.他找到工作的機會(huì )簡(jiǎn)直微乎其微。


  正說(shuō)與反說(shuō)
  1.The administration was free corruption.
  這屆政府沒(méi)有腐敗現象
  2. Wet paint.
  油漆未干
  3.I remained confused about the problem.
  這個(gè)問(wèn)題我還是不懂
  4. They are dependent on each other.
  他們誰(shuí)也離不開(kāi)誰(shuí)
  5. He is far from what I expected.
  他遠不是我想象的那樣。
  6. let bygones be bygones.
  既往不咎
  7. As was expected, he passed the exam easily.
  果不出所料, 他輕而易舉地通過(guò)了考試
  8.We will live up to what our Patty expects of us.
  我們決不辜負黨對我們的期望。
  9. I hate the lack of privacy in the dorrnitory.
  我討厭宿舍里沒(méi)有獨處的機會(huì )。
  10. You evidently think otherwise.
  你顯然有不同的看法
  11. He will die of hunger before he will steal.
  他寧愿餓死,也不愿去偷。
  12. That little bridge is anything but safe.
  那座橋一點(diǎn)也不安全。
  13. So far from taking my advice, he went and did just what I warned in ~ainit.
  他不但不聽(tīng)我的勸告,反而去做了我警告他不要做的事情。
  14. He was more frightened than hurt.
  他沒(méi)有受什么傷,倒是受驚不小
  
  正說(shuō)
  15. Don't unstring your shoes.
  把鞋帶系上
  16. Ml the teachers, without exception are to attend the meet Sunday.
  所有的老師都要參加星期五的會(huì )議。
  17. She carne into the room without shoes on.
  她光腳走進(jìn)了房間。
  18. The doctor lost no tune in getting the sick man to hospital.
  醫生立即把病人送往醫院。
  19. I have no doubt that you will succeed.
  我相信你會(huì )成功。
  20. It's no distance at all to the school, only a short walk.
  從這到學(xué)校很近,只需要很短一段路。


  正、反說(shuō)分析
  21.If he had kept his temper, the negotiations would probably have been a success.
  如果他克制脾氣,談判可能早就成功了。
  22.Some people refrain from expressing their gratitude because they feel it will not be welcome.
  有些人不愿意表達他們的感激之情,因為覺(jué)得著(zhù)有可能不受歡迎。
  23. If you forward the transcripts yourself, they can be considered official only if the school envelope has remained sealed.
  如果證件由申請人本人遞交,則本人不得擅自啟封,否則證件將被視為無(wú)效。
  24. We must never stop taking an optimistic view of life.
  我們對生活要永遠抱樂(lè )觀(guān)的態(tài)度。
  25. We strongly disapprove of the company' s new policy.
  我們強烈反對公司的新政策。



用戶(hù)在線(xiàn)信息
當前查看此主題的會(huì )員: 1 人。其中注冊用戶(hù) 0 人,訪(fǎng)客 1 人。


譯境翻譯公司BBS|上海翻譯論壇|同聲傳譯交流論壇|自由譯員社區|外籍母語(yǔ)翻譯交流|尋找上海翻譯工作|兼職翻譯招聘|筆譯口譯項目發(fā)布| 上海翻譯資源| 小語(yǔ)種翻譯資源| 證件翻譯資源| 留學(xué)文書(shū)翻譯模板| 翻譯語(yǔ)料術(shù)語(yǔ)庫| CAT翻譯軟件|Trados技術(shù)交流 英語(yǔ)高級翻譯群 德語(yǔ)高級翻譯群 法語(yǔ)高級翻譯群 俄語(yǔ)高級翻譯交流群 日語(yǔ)高級翻譯交流 阿拉伯語(yǔ)高級翻譯群 翻譯公司網(wǎng)絡(luò )營(yíng)銷(xiāo)合作
亚洲日韩久热中文字幕_午夜男女爽爽爽真人视频_东京热一区二区_免费日本高清中文在线