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翻譯技巧:英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)音知識,怎樣正確發(fā)音
發(fā)起人:eging  回復數:0  瀏覽數:4720  最后更新:2019/4/18 9:00:05 by eging

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2019/4/18 9:00:03
eging





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翻譯技巧:英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)音知識,怎樣正確發(fā)音
        要想說(shuō)好英語(yǔ),應該學(xué)一點(diǎn)語(yǔ)音知識。下面是筆者總結的有關(guān)語(yǔ)音方面的一些基本知識,供你參考。
  1.關(guān)于語(yǔ)音的幾個(gè)概念


  1) 字母:語(yǔ)言的書(shū)寫(xiě)形式。元音字母a, e, i(y), o, u,

  2) 音標:詞的語(yǔ)音形式。

  3) 音素:音的最小的單位。英語(yǔ)中有48音素。

  4) 音節:由元音和輔音構成的發(fā)音單位。ap'ple, stu'dent, tea'cher, un'der'stand

  5) 元音:發(fā)音響亮,是樂(lè )音;口腔中氣流不收阻礙;是構成音節的主要音。英語(yǔ)中有20元音。

  6) 輔音:發(fā)音不響亮,是噪音;口腔中氣流受到阻礙;不是構成音節的主要音。英語(yǔ)中有28輔音。

  7) 開(kāi)音節:a) 輔音+元音+輔音+e name bike home due; b) 輔音+元音 he, go, hi

  8) 閉音節:a) 輔音+元音+輔音 bad, bed, sit, hot, cup; b)元音+輔音it

  9) 重讀音節:?jiǎn)卧~中發(fā)音特別響亮的音節。

  2. 元音:(注意:下面空方括號是電腦無(wú)法輸入的音標)

  1) [i:] sea, he, see, piece, ceiling

  2) sit, build, miss, myth

  3) [e] bed, desk, head,

  4) [ ] bad, land, bank, stamp

  5) [a:] car, fast, class, plant, calm, aunt

  6) [ ] hot, want

  7) [ ] door, more, sport, ball, warm, author, court, bought, caught

  8) [u:] good, who, blue, soup,

  9) look, put, women, could

  10) [ ] cup, come, blood, rough

  11) [ ] girl, work, serve, nurse

  12) [ ] cadre, ago, forget, polite, dollar, doctor, famous, Saturday

  13) [ei] cake, they, play, eight, great,

  14) [ai] bike, die, neither, light, try, find, height, eye

  15) [ ] phone, cold, boat, soul, grow

  16) [au] house, town

  17) [ ] boy, oil

  18) [ ] dear, idea, deer, here, fierce,

  19) [ ] pear, care, there, fair

  20) [ ] tour, poor,

  3. 容易混淆的元音

  1) [e] [] bed bad; men, man; pen, pan; lend land

  2) [i:] [ei] real rail; greet, great; mean, main; read raid

  3) [e] [AI] bet bite; red write; said side, head, hide

  4) [au] [ ] house horse; loud lord; south sauce; now nor; count corn; cloud clause

  5) [au] [ ] found fond; gown gone; down don

  4. 輔音

  1) [p] pen,

  2) bed, comb

  3) [t] tell,

  4) [d], day, played, wanted

  5) [k] cold, sky, quick, school, back, accept, box

  6) [g] big, go, guess, language

  7) [m] man

  8) [n] nine, knife, autumn

  9) [ ] bank, uncle, English, sing,

  10) [l] land, world

  11) [r] read, write,

  12) [f] five, cough, laugh

  13) [v] voice, of

  14) [ ] think,

  15) [ ] this, bathe

  16) [s] sit, miss, science, case, scarf

  17) [z] zoo, close,

  18) [ ] sure, she, social, nation

  19) [ ] pleasure,

  20) [h] hot, who, hour

  21) [w] wall, what, answer

  22) [j] yes

  23) [ ] child, teach, catch

  24) [ ] joke, bridge,

  25) [ts] boats

  26) [dz] goods

  27) [tr] tree

  28) [dr] dream

  5. 容易混淆的輔音

  1) [v] [w] vet wet; vest west; vine wine; very well

  2) [s] [ ] sink think; sort thought; miss myth; mass math

  3) [z] [ ] closing clothing; breeze breathe; bays bathes

  4) [n] [ ] thin thing; sin sing; ban bang win wing; ran rang

  6. 讀音規則

  1) 重讀音節(見(jiàn)元音和輔音的例句)

  2) 非重讀音節 [ ] banana, student, today, after, orange, secret, evening, very, Monday

  7. 特殊讀音

  1)音的連讀:前面的詞以元輔音結尾,后面的單詞以元音開(kāi)頭,這樣結尾的輔音要和開(kāi)頭的元音連讀。例如:not at all, half an hour, I love you and all. after all

  2)失去爆破:輔音爆破音或摩擦音后面跟的是爆破音、破擦音和摩擦等,前面的輔音要失去爆破。例如:good girl, good student, good job, expression, school, extreme

  3)音的同化:兩個(gè)特殊的音碰到一起,會(huì )發(fā)出變異成特殊的音。例如:Would you do it? I am glad to meet you. Can't you see it? last year, this year

  8. 重音

  1)單詞重音

  A)雙音節詞

  a)一般在第一個(gè)音節重讀。letter, sorry

  b)有 a-, be-, de-, re-, res-, in-, im-, en-, em-, es-, ex-, con-, com-, dis-, mis-, pre-, per-, pro-, trans- 等前綴的詞,第二個(gè)音節是重音。a'bout, be'lieve, ad'dress, de'cide, re'port, con'demn, res'pect, com'pare, in'form, dis'cuss, im'press, mis'take, en'force, pre'pare, em'ploy, per'mit, es'cape, pro'duce, ex'claim,trans'late

  c)有 de-, in-, re-, con-, pre- 等前綴的重音與詞義和詞類(lèi)有關(guān), 一般名詞的重音在第一個(gè)音節上,其它的詞性在第二個(gè)音節上。'record, re'cord; 'insult, in'sult; 'conduct, con'duct; 'present pre'sent; 'content, con'tent

  d)有些復合詞和帶有前綴 re-, ex-, un-, pre-, post-, 等的詞,有兩個(gè)重音。'out'side, 're'tell, 'well-'known, 'un'real, 'fif'teen, 'Chi'nese, 'pre-'war, 'post-'war

  B)多音節詞

  a)一般倒數第三個(gè)音節是重音。'difficult, 'communist, 'family, e'conomy, oppor'tunity,de'mocracy.

  b)有一些雙音節詞,加了前綴和后綴成了多音節,但這些詞按原來(lái)詞根的重音讀音。'carefully, in'definite, 'comfortable, con'ductor, ac'cording, dis'turbance, 'complicated,es'tablishment,

  c)詞尾有-eous, -grahpy, -ial, -ian, -ic, -ics, -ience, ient, -ify, -ion, -ious, -ity, ive 后綴的詞,重音在這些后綴的前一個(gè)音節上。cour'teous, cal'ligraphy, edi'torial, his'torian, peri'odic, mathe'matics, ex'perience,suf'ficient, i'dentify, trans'lation, re'ligious, curi'osity, pro'tective

  d)詞尾有 -ain, -ee, -eer, -ese, -ette 后綴的詞,重音在該后綴上,而且有一個(gè)次重音。enter'tain, emplo'yee, mountai'neer, Japa'nese, ciga'rette

  2)句子重音

  A) 英語(yǔ)的節奏:(輕)-輕-重-輕-(輕)或重-輕-(輕)(輕)重

  B) 英語(yǔ)句子的長(cháng)短:是由句子中的重讀詞的數目決定的,而不是象漢語(yǔ)那樣由句子中的漢字數目決定的。

  C) 實(shí)詞重讀(副詞重讀),虛詞輕讀(冠詞,單音節介詞,單音節連詞,人稱(chēng)代詞,反代詞,物主代詞,關(guān)系代詞,相互代詞,助動(dòng)詞,情態(tài)動(dòng)詞和系動(dòng)詞be

  D) 實(shí)詞不重讀的特殊情況

  a) 實(shí)詞第二次出現 He thinks of that as a child thinks.

  b) 一個(gè)名詞被第二個(gè)名詞修飾 I met her in the railway station.

  c) 代替詞 Which book do you want? The small one.

  d) 感嘆詞中的 what 和how What a good day it is! How beautiful she is!

  e) street 在專(zhuān)有名詞中 Wangfujing Street.

  f)this在這些短語(yǔ)中,this morning/afternoon/evening

  E)虛詞重讀的特殊情況

  a) 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞,助動(dòng)詞和系動(dòng)詞be在句首,句尾和否定時(shí)。Do you like it? Yes, I do. Are you a doctor? Yes, I am. Can you help me? Yes, I can. I don't like you. He isn't a worker.

  b) 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞表示可能,驚奇和肯定時(shí)。They may come this evening. Can it be five already? He must be in the room.

  c) 介詞在句首和句尾。In the box, he found a letter. He is the person I talked with.

  d) 引導復合句的連詞在句首。If you wish, I'll visit you. When he comes, I'll tell him.

  e)反身代詞表示強調。He couldn't come himself.


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