上海專(zhuān)業(yè)翻譯公司
立即在線(xiàn)咨詢(xún)
歡迎資深譯員加項目QQ
JS導航效果
|
|
|
英語(yǔ)翻譯中的詞匯辨析
發(fā)起人:eging  回復數:0  瀏覽數:4543  最后更新:2018/11/1 8:17:53 by eging

發(fā)表新帖  帖子排序:
2018/11/1 8:17:53
eging





角  色:管理員
發(fā) 帖 數:3730
注冊時(shí)間:2015/6/5
英語(yǔ)翻譯中的詞匯辨析
下面的內容雖然與文章的題目不太相符,但是作為構成句式的基本單元--詞匯,也是不容忽視的。希望大家對這些理解提出批評和指正。




閃光”之說(shuō):

1、shine:照耀,指光穩定發(fā)射;

2、glitter:閃光,指光不穩定發(fā)射;

3、glare:耀眼,表示光的強度最大;

4、sparkle:閃爍,指發(fā)射微細的光度。




“打破”之說(shuō):

1、break:一般用語(yǔ),經(jīng)打擊或施加壓力而破碎;

2、crack:出現了裂縫,但還沒(méi)有變成碎片;

3、crush:指從外面用力向內或從上向下壓而致碎;

4、demolish:破壞,鏟平或削平(如土壤,建筑物,城堡等);

5、destroy:在肉體上、精神上或道義上徹底摧毀,使之無(wú)法復原;

6、shatter:突然使一個(gè)物體粉碎;

7、smash:指由于突如其來(lái)的一陣暴力帶一聲響而徹底粉碎。




有關(guān)“死”之說(shuō):

1、去世,與世長(cháng)辭:to pass away;

2、壽終: to close (end) one’s day;

3、咽氣,斷氣: to breathe one’s last;

4、歸西: to go west;

5、了解塵緣: to pay the debt of nature;

6、命歸黃泉: to depart to the world of shadows;

7、見(jiàn)閻王: to give up the gost;

8、翹辮子: to kick the bucket;

9、蹬腿: to kick up one’s heels;

10、不吃飯: to lay down one’s knife and fork.




有關(guān)“懷孕”(pregnant)之說(shuō):

1、she is having baby;

2、she is expecting;

3、she is in a family way;

4、she is in a deliacate condition;

5、she is in an interesting condition;

6、she is knitting little booties.




“broken”涵義種種:

1、a broken man:一個(gè)絕望的人;

2、a broken soldier:一個(gè)殘廢的軍人;

3、broken money:零花錢(qián);

4、a broken promise:背棄的諾言;

5、broken English:蹩腳的英語(yǔ);

6、a broken spirit:消沉的意志;

7、a broken heart:破碎的心。




準確理解“kill”(后面附詞義):

1、he killed the man:殺;

2、he killed the dog:宰;

3、he killed time down at the park:消磨;

4、he killed his chance of success:斷送;

5、he killed the motion when it came from the committee:否決;

6、he killed himself by overwork:致死;

7、he killed the spirit of the group:抹殺;

8、he killed three bottles of whiskey in a week:喝光;

9、kill the peace:扼殺;

10、kill the friendship:終止;

11、kill a marriage:解除




“聲譽(yù)”種種:

1、fame:褒義,指關(guān)于一個(gè)人的人格、行為、才能等方面的優(yōu)點(diǎn);

2、reputation和repute差不多,可褒義可貶義,指對人或物的評價(jià)、看法,詞義較窄;

3、distinction:褒義,指因職銜、地位或人格所造成的,通常包含“優(yōu)越于人,與眾不同”;

4、renown:褒義,指顯赫的聲譽(yù)或應該得到的榮譽(yù);

5、notoriety:貶義,與fame相對應。




“空空如也”:

1、hollow:表示“空洞的,虛的,不實(shí)的,下陷的”,可以和tree, voice, sound, cheeks等連用;

2、vacant:表示“沒(méi)人占用的,出缺的”,常和position, room, house, seat等連用;

3、empty:表示“空的,一無(wú)所有的”,可以和house, room, cup, box, stomatch, head, words等連用.




你能理解“or”嗎?

1、連接兩個(gè)對等的事物或人,可譯為“或”,“或者”;

2、前后為同一個(gè)事物時(shí),應譯為“即”,“或稱(chēng)”,“或作”

The exact mechanism of Yutin, or vitamin P as is sometimes called, on the capillary wall is not understood.

附譯文:路丁,即有時(shí)所稱(chēng)的維生素P,其對毛細血管壁的確切作用(機理)還不了解。

3、連接兩組數字,代表不同單位的同一數量時(shí),一般譯為“合”,“等于”;

Normal temperature in man is 98.6F or 37C(遺憾的時(shí)表溫度上標我不會(huì ))。

4、從or中導致方面結果時(shí),應譯為“否則”;

Hurry up, or you will be late.

5、”or so” “左右”;”or more” 以上;”or rather” 甚至




“general”涵義種種:

1、全身麻醉:general anesthesia

2、普查,集體檢查:general check-up

3、一般健康情況:general health condition

4、綜合性醫院:general hospital

5、總路線(xiàn):genegral line

6、大綱:general outline

7、彌漫性腹膜炎:general peritonitis

8、普通醫師:general practitioner

9、總查(?。┓浚篻eneral purpose

10、秘書(shū)長(cháng):general secretary




你能“定”下來(lái)嗎?

1、set a date:決定日期

2、set an example:樹(shù)立榜樣

3、set fruit:結果子

4、set a fire:點(diǎn)火

5、set a severed limb:斷肢再接

6、set sail:開(kāi)航,起航

7、set the camera lens:調整(相機)鏡頭

8、set a pen to paper:動(dòng)筆,下筆

9、set a new task:提出新任務(wù)

10、set down all items:記下所有項目

11、set oneself to learn from:決心向……學(xué)習




你知道這有多“重”?

1、heavy applause:熱烈的鼓掌

2、heavy gait:沉重的步態(tài)

3、heavy chemicals:大量生產(chǎn)的化學(xué)藥品

4、heavy sea:波濤洶涌的海面

5、heavy sleep:熟睡

6、heavy smoker:煙癮大的人

7、heavy current:強電流

8、heavy eater:食量大的人

9、heavy task:繁重的任務(wù)

10、heavy food:油膩而難消化的食物

11、heavy traffic:擁擠的交通

12、heavy weather:惡劣的天氣

13、heavy road:泥濘的路

14、heavy rain:大雨

15、heavy clouds:厚云

16、heavy crops:豐收

17、heavy frost:濃霜

18、heavy wine:烈酒

19、heavy news:悲痛的消息

20、heavy heart:憂(yōu)愁的心

21、heavy fire:猛烈的炮火

22、heavy bread:沒(méi)有發(fā)酵好的面包

23、heavy wire:粗線(xiàn)

24、heavy load:重載

25、heavy storm:暴風(fēng)雨

26、heavy reader:沉悶冗長(cháng)的讀物




“強度”怎么說(shuō)?

1、intensity:指強烈的程度,多用于磁、電、熱、光、聲、火、勞動(dòng)等抽象或非(易于觸摸到的)實(shí)體。

例:colour intensity intensity of light

2、strength:指堅強的程度,用于可觸摸到的具體實(shí)物抗拒能力的大小。

strength of cement(水泥標號) engine strength

working strength




你打牢“基礎”了嗎?

1、base:指有形、具體的基礎、基地。

base line:基線(xiàn)

base plate:底座

cotton base:產(chǎn)棉區

data base:數據庫

paint base:底漆

raw material base:原料基地




2、basic:基本的,堿性的

basic Bessemer steel:底吹堿性轉爐鋼

basic hole:基孔

basic industry:基礎工業(yè)

basic material:堿性材料




3、basis:無(wú)形、抽象的基礎、根據

econimic basis:經(jīng)濟基礎

hole basis:基孔制

scientific basis:科學(xué)根據




4、foundation:指大廈建筑物的地基,引申為“根據”

foundation bolt:地腳螺栓

material foundation of society:社會(huì )物質(zhì)基礎

reinforced concrete foundation:鋼筋混凝土基礎

The rumour has no foundation:這傳聞毫無(wú)根據







了解這些“組織”嗎?




1、construction:指“構造”(將零部件裝配,組合在一起成為整體的方式);“結構”(各組成部分的搭配和排列,建筑物上承擔重力部分的構造)

aircraft construction:飛機構造

welded construction:焊接結構

This machine is simple in construction:這種機器構造簡(jiǎn)單

body construction:車(chē)身(機身、彈體)構造

capital construction:基本建設

physical construction:機械構造

prefabricated construction:預制構造

ships of similiar construction:結構類(lèi)似的船




2、structure:“結構、組織”

age structure:年齡構成

atomic structure:原子結構

steel stucture:鋼結構

shell stucture:薄層結構

brick stucture:磚建筑物

geological stucture:地質(zhì)構造

market stucture:市場(chǎng)結構

microscopic stucture:顯微組織

The human body is a wonderful stucture:人體是個(gè)奇妙的構造物

the stucture of a plant:一種植物的構造




“charge”涵義知多少?

1、費用:service charge 服務(wù)費;

2、責任:in charge of 負責;

3、裝料:furnace charge 爐料;

4、電荷:induced charge 感應電荷;

5、裝藥:shaped charge 錐孔炸藥




再解“develop”

1、發(fā)展:

agriculture develpopment

social development

industrial develpopment

development in foreign affairs




2、開(kāi)發(fā)

water-power development

oil-field development

development of natural resouerces

interllectual development




3、研制

advanced development:遠景產(chǎn)品研制,樣機試制

under development

engineering development

operatinal development產(chǎn):品改進(jìn)性研制

exploratory development:探索性研制




4、開(kāi)拓

ore development

lateral development:水平開(kāi)拓




5、展開(kāi)(用于數學(xué))

series development:級數展開(kāi)

development of function:函數的展開(kāi)




6、顯影

chemical development:化學(xué)顯影

over development:顯影過(guò)度

time development:定時(shí)顯影

The shade meaning of “power”:




【數學(xué)】乘方、冪

The sixth power of two is sixty-four.




【力學(xué)】

力:horse power

功率:rated power 額定功率




【電學(xué)】

電力:power network

電源:power switch

功率:power export




【化學(xué)】

能:chemical power

本領(lǐng):catalytic power催化本領(lǐng)

化合價(jià):Aluminium has a conmbining power of three.




【機械】

動(dòng)力:power shaft傳動(dòng)軸

力:brake power




【社會(huì )】

力量:knowlege is power

權力:politica power

強國:superpower

The shade meaning of “system”:




【機電】

系統:electric light system 電照明系統

lubricating system 潤滑系統

電力網(wǎng):system fault 電力網(wǎng)故障

裝置:tierod-crank system 連桿曲柄裝置

top charging system 爐頂裝料裝置

設備:loading system 轉載設備

制:basic hole(shaft) system 基孔(軸)制




【數學(xué)】組:system of equations

【力學(xué)】系:system of forces

【化學(xué)】法:acid system 酸法




【社會(huì )】

體系:industrial system

制度:social system

方法:a new system of teaching foreign language




The shade meaning of “work”:

工作:work experience

工件:stamp work 模鍛工件

工廠(chǎng): NO.1 Motor Vehical Works

工事:defence works

著(zhù)作:new works on acupuncture 針刺療法新書(shū)

功:mechanical work

運轉:The machine works well.

加工:The wood works easily.

起作用:The medicine works.

造成:work wonders(miracles)創(chuàng )造奇跡




The shade meaning of “sound”:

【聲音】sound wave

【聽(tīng)起來(lái)】The plan sounds reasonable.

【發(fā)音】sound every syllable! 每個(gè)音節都要發(fā)音。

The ship moved slowly forward sounding as she went. 航船慢速前進(jìn),一路錘測水深。

【完好的】sound metal 優(yōu)質(zhì)金屬

【牢固的】sound casting 堅實(shí)的鑄件




The sahde meaning of “round”:

【圓的】round plate

【整的】a round ton

【環(huán)形】a round trip 往還一次

【圓角】fillet and round 內圓角和外圓角

【彈】guided round (missile) 導彈

【圍繞】The moon moves round the earth.

【到處】show sb round

【使圓】round the corners

【舍入】3.14159 rounded to four decimals becomes 3.1416




“廢物”之說(shuō):

1、litter:并不是真正意義上的廢物,而是用后散置的“雜物”,相當于odds and ends,或索性說(shuō)是殘余物(leavings)

Always pick up your litter after a picnic.




2、waste:真正的廢物,美國人常用trash,此字還有“殘屑”、或“垃圾”之意。

垃圾簍美國人用trash can;英國用dustbin.美國人把南方的窮苦白人叫the (poor) white trash;可見(jiàn),此詞又可作“無(wú)價(jià)值的人或物”解釋。

That book is mere trash.




3、rubbish:范圍廣,真正的廢物。也可表驚嘆“Rubbish(胡說(shuō)!)”

英國人常說(shuō):That book is all rubbish.




4、廚房殘屑:kitchen refuse或refuse:此詞做廢物或無(wú)用之物講,但一般指固體廢物,不指可排泄的垃圾。

5、到垃圾的地方:a dumping ground; a dumping-place for rubbish; a rubbish dump.

6、junk:垃圾、廢物。原意是“破爛貨”。

His writing is all junk.

7、廢人、社會(huì )渣滓:human waste; debris; dregs of population; off-scourings of humanity; dross of mankind; hobo

He is now a “has-been”(他現成了廢物)=He outlived his usefulness.




Commitment譯法:

動(dòng)詞commit在字典中涵義:

1、 犯、行、作:commit a crime; commit a blunder; commit murder; commit suicide

2、 委托、付諸:commit some funds to the care of trustees(委托資金與保管委員會(huì ));commit a bill(議會(huì )將議案交付委員審查);commit thoughts to writing(將想法寫(xiě)出來(lái));commit something to memory(暗記某事);

3、 承擔:If you agreed to give a number of lectures, help to pay your brother’s school expenses, and give $ 500 a year for clothes, you have quite a lot of commitments.

4、 (束縛身體之意轉為)牽累,陷入,獻身:Do not commit yourself(勿自限累);commit oneself to a promise;




例析:

1、 In the last decade, however, we have sought to fulfill the goal with greater zeal, greater commitment, and greater success than at any period in our history.

在過(guò)去十年中,我們比歷史上任何時(shí)期都力求更加熱心地、更加獻身地、更加成功地來(lái)達到這個(gè)目標(獻身)。




2、(李光耀對新加坡人的定義)A Singaporean is a person who feels committed to upholding society as it is―multi-racial, tolerant, accommodating, forward-looking—and who is prepared to stake his life for the community.

一個(gè)新加坡人就是一個(gè)對現存的多元種族、容忍互助而又高瞻遠矚的社會(huì ),以獻身精神來(lái)支持它,并裝備為它付出生命的人(獻身的)。




3、I believe that both candidates should make it absolutely clear that they share a basic commitment to the success of the negotiations now taking place in Paris.

我相信兩黨的總統候選人,都應絕對明確地表示,他們對于促成現在巴黎舉行的商談成功,具有基本的言語(yǔ)約束(言約)。




4、 he second imperative of our policy for peace is that we must meet our commitment and keep our promises to use our strength to oppose aggression.

我們和平政策的第二條誡命,就是我們必須盡我們的義務(wù),守住我們的諾言,竭盡所能,反抗侵略(諾言)。




5、 Vietnam may be a bitter hoax or it may be a major commitment in the defense of freedom, but it will go away because we yell “foul”; it will not fade because we blow retreat.

越南可能是一種痛苦的玩笑,也可能是在保衛自由中的一個(gè)大的牽累,它不會(huì )因為我們大叫討厭而走開(kāi),也不會(huì )因為我們鳴金收兵而消失(牽累)




6、 The report said that new commitments of US$50.7 million during fiscal year 1968 raised total investments of the International Finance Corporation in private enterprises in its member countries to US$271.8 million in 39 countries.

1968年會(huì )計年度新的投資計有5070萬(wàn)美元,使得國際金融公司在其他會(huì )員國的私人企業(yè)總投資,39個(gè)國家共達27180萬(wàn)美元(投資)。




7、 The Japanese have faithfully observed their commitments. 日本人忠實(shí)地遵守了投降條件(條件)。




其他:

an all-around commitment(全面的約束)

to give a precipitate commitment(給以輕率的言約)




保險種種:

accident insurance:意外保險

accident death insurance:意外死亡保險

accounts receivable insurance:應收帳款保險

additional insurance:加保

agricultural insurance:農業(yè)保險

air transport insurance:空運保險

air transportation cargo insurance:空運貨物保險

aircraft hull insurance:飛機機身保險

aircraft passenger insurance:飛機乘客保險

all risks insurance:綜合保險

annuity insurance:年金保險

automobile insurance:汽車(chē)保險

aviation insurance:航空保險

aviation liability insurance:航空責任保險

aviation personal accident insurance:航空人身意外保險

bad debt insurance:壞帳保險

baggage insurance:行李保險

bailee’s customers insurance:受托人代客保險

basic insurance:基本保險

blanket insurance:總括保險

block insurance:船舶保險

boiler explosion insurance:鍋爐爆炸保險

bond insurance:債券保險

bonding insurance:保證保險

broker insurance:保險掮客

building insurance:建筑物保險

burglary insurance:盜竊保險

business interruption insurance:業(yè)務(wù)中斷保險

business liability insurance:營(yíng)業(yè)責任保險

capital insurance:資本保險

cargo insurance:貨物保險

cargo marine insurance:海洋貨運保險

cargo transportation insurance:貨物運輸保險

carrier’s liability insurance:承運人責任保險

cash messenger insurance:現金運送保險

casualty insurance:不幸事故保險,災害保險

cattle insurance:家畜保險

cede insurance:分保

child’s insurance:兒童保險

civilliability insurance:民事責任保險

civil responsibility insurance:責任保險

collective insurance:集體保險

collective accident insurance:集體災害保險

collision insurance:碰撞保險

commercial credit insurance:商業(yè)信用保險

commission insurance:傭金保險

compensation insurance:職工賠償保險

comprehensive insurance:綜合保險, 全程保險

compulsory insurance:強制保險

concurrent insurance:同時(shí)保險

consequential damage insurance:間接損害保險

consequential loss insurance:間接損失保險

consignment export insurance:寄售輸出保險

consignment sale export insurance:寄銷(xiāo)出口保險

consignment stock insurance:寄銷(xiāo)貨物保險

continued insurance:繼續保險

convertible insurance:轉換保險

cost and insurance:成本加保險價(jià)

credit insurance:信用保險

credit life insurance:信用人壽保險(借款人死亡時(shí),應將賠償金付給放款人)

crop insurance:作物保險

damage insurance:損失保險

death insurance:死亡保險

deferred insurance:擱置保險

deposit insurance:存款保險

disability insurance:殘廢保險

disbursements insurance:船舶費用保險

domestic insurance:家計保險

domestic animal transportation insurance:家畜運輸保險

double insurance:雙重保險

duty insurance:關(guān)稅保險

earthquake insurance:地震保險

economic policy insurance:經(jīng)濟政策保險

education insurance:教育保險

elevator liability insurance:電梯責任保險

employee’s pension insurance:職工退休養老保險

employer’s liability insurance:雇主責任保險職工傷害保險

employment insurance:就業(yè)保險

endowment insurance:人壽定期保險, 養老保險,儲蓄保險

endowment life insurance:人壽定期保險

engineering insurance:工程保險

erection insurance:機器安裝保險

excess insurance:超額保險

exchange risk insurance:外匯風(fēng)險保險

exhibition insurance:展覽保險

expected profit insurance:預期利潤保險

explosion insurance:爆炸保險

export insurance:出口保險,輸出保險

extended terms insurance:延期保險

external investment principal insurance:國外投資本金保險

facultative insurance:臨時(shí)保險

family income insurance:家庭收入保險

farm insurance:農業(yè)保險

fermentation insurance:發(fā)酵保險

fidelity insurance:職工忠誠保險

fire insurance:火災保險,火險

fiscal insurance:租稅保險

fixed term insurance:定期保險

flood insurance:洪水保險

forced insurance:強制保險

foreign exchange fluctuation insurance:外匯波動(dòng)保險

fraternal insurance:互助救濟保險

freight insurance:運費保險

frost insurance:霜害保險

full value insurance:全值保險

general average disbursement insurance:共同海損費用保險

general export insurance:普通輸出保險

government employee insurance:公務(wù)人員保險

group insurance:團體保險

group life insurance:團體人身保險

guarantee insurance:保證保險,盜竊意外保險

hail insurance:雹害保險

harvest insurance:收獲保險

hazardous insurance:危險物品保險

health insurance:健康保險

hire purchase credit insurance:租賃信用保險

homeowner’s insurance :房主保險

hospitalization insurance:醫療保險

hull insurance:船舶保險,運輸工具保險

hypothecation insurance:抵押保險

imaginary profit insurance:預期利益保險

immovable insurance:不動(dòng)產(chǎn)保險

inconvertibility insurance:國外投資本利不能兌換匯回保險

long life insurance:長(cháng)壽保險

straight life insurance:終身保險

strike expenses insurance:罷工追加費用保險

subsidiary insurance:附屬保險

supplementary insurance:追加保險

survivorship insurance:共有財產(chǎn)中歸后死者所得的聯(lián)合保險

term insurance:定期保險

theft insurance:盜竊保險

time insurance:定期保險

time hull insurance:船舶定期保險

title insurance:產(chǎn)權保證保險

insurance for adult:成人保險

insurance for medical care:醫療保險

insurance of export-import goods:進(jìn)出口貨物保險

insurance of valuables:貴重物品保險

insurance or guarantee of private loans:私人貸款保險或擔保




“群”的表達

觀(guān)眾:a crowd of spectators

一群人:a crowd of people

一群人:a throng of people

一群影迷:a throng of film fans

一群女學(xué)生:a group of girl students

一群旁觀(guān)者:a group of onlookers

一群歡迎者:a troop of welcomers

一群示威者:a troop of demonstrators

注:

CROWD:無(wú)組織或者無(wú)秩序的人群;

THRONG: 為數眾多的擠在一處或向前涌去的群;

GROUP:有一定組織的;

TROOP:正常行進(jìn)中的群




一群才子:a galaxy of talents

一群美女:a galaxy of beauties

一群匪徒:a band of gangsters

一群劫匪:a gang of robbers

一群建筑物:a cluster of buildings

一群海島:a cluster of islands

注:

GALAXY:出色或著(zhù)名的人物群;

BAND/GANG:有明顯在輕蔑色彩,強盜、匪徒等的群(幫、伙);

CLUSTER:集結物體的群(簇、堆)。




一群羊:a flock of sheep

一群鴨:a flock of ducks

一群牛:a herd of cattle

一群馬:a herd of horses

一群豺狼:a pack of wolves

一群獵犬:a pack of hounds

一群猴子:a host of monkeys

一群蜜蜂:a swarm of bees

注:

FLOCK: 飛鳥(niǎo)家禽、牲畜等的群,尤指羊群;

HERD:大動(dòng)物的群;

PACK:野獸、獵犬等的群



用戶(hù)在線(xiàn)信息
當前查看此主題的會(huì )員: 1 人。其中注冊用戶(hù) 0 人,訪(fǎng)客 1 人。


譯境翻譯公司BBS|上海翻譯論壇|同聲傳譯交流論壇|自由譯員社區|外籍母語(yǔ)翻譯交流|尋找上海翻譯工作|兼職翻譯招聘|筆譯口譯項目發(fā)布| 上海翻譯資源| 小語(yǔ)種翻譯資源| 證件翻譯資源| 留學(xué)文書(shū)翻譯模板| 翻譯語(yǔ)料術(shù)語(yǔ)庫| CAT翻譯軟件|Trados技術(shù)交流 英語(yǔ)高級翻譯群 德語(yǔ)高級翻譯群 法語(yǔ)高級翻譯群 俄語(yǔ)高級翻譯交流群 日語(yǔ)高級翻譯交流 阿拉伯語(yǔ)高級翻譯群 翻譯公司網(wǎng)絡(luò )營(yíng)銷(xiāo)合作
亚洲日韩久热中文字幕_午夜男女爽爽爽真人视频_东京热一区二区_免费日本高清中文在线